My opinion is to use the old computer CPUs like Pantium 2~4 CPUs , Probably t are cheep, and simply wired than the new electronic materials, AS a chemical engineer may be facing difficulties in electronics but its goal. I learnt that the Micro Controller Should be equipped with crystal oscillator its my starting point
Dear Saad,
If your application is computationally intensive, CPU is a good choice.
If you need to integrate other hardware too, Arduino can be better that CPU. but employing a microcontroller is not recommended unless you know how to build and program it.
Saad,
If you can tell us something about your project, we might be able to help.
If NMPC (Nonlinear Model Predictive Control) is your goal, and the model is sufficiently simple, then a microcontroller might be a viable platform.
It depends on your cycle speed, and whether you need ADC conversion, the size of the state variables, etc.
I would, generally, if my inputs are simple, and my actions are likewise, use a standard PC and a cheap/cheerful ADC/IO board (LabJack and C).
If the model is sufficiently small, I'd consider going straight to a microcontroller - Arduino/Teensy/etc.
Do have a look at Raspberry PI too - many libraries, full Linux OS.
The answer of Games is satisfactory but i would like to say that Arduino is a microcontroller development board that has interfaces and data converters. It cab be also connected to a labtop and PCs. There are a wealth of microcontrollers from many vendors including Atmel of Arduino. A microcontroller is a microcomputer on a chip while a CPU is a central processing unit that needs a memory and input output units to work as a computing platform. Microcontollers are thought for control tasks. You have only to use the proper microcontrollers. If the microcontroller can not perform the tasks you can use one board computers such as Rasperry Pi.
Best wishes
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