Which area of the oceans gives rise to rich fishing grounds and which ocean zone has the most abundant primary producers and why?
Upwelling can be an important factor.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling
Rich fishing grounds have developed in the regions where warm and cold currents because a lot of weeds are found in that area where fishes come to feed in large numbers. Some deserts are found in the region near cold currents because cold currents do not have the water carrying capacity and cannot cause rain. Mixing cold and warm ocean currents forms the richest fishing grounds in the world. Because the mixing of warm and cold currents help to replenish the oxygen and favor the growth of planktons, the primary food for fish population. The best fishing grounds of the world exist mainly in these mixing zones. Rich fishing grounds have developed in places where warm and cold ocean currents meet. Most of the fishing grounds occur in areas where the continental shelf is wide. Fishing activity is well developed in warm tropical waters since the availability of nutrients. Mixing of warm and cold currents brings plant nutrients for fish. The Grand Banks of Newfoundland are a series of underwater plateaus south-east of the island of Newfoundland on the North American continental shelf. The Grand Banks are one of the world's richest fishing grounds, supporting Atlantic cod, swordfish, haddock and capelin, as well as shellfish, seabirds and sea mammals.When warm and cold currents meet, they lead to growth of planktons. This attracts fish and increases their population. Such areas are best fishing grounds in the world. The cold Oyashio current and the warm Kuroshio Current meet near the coast of Japan. This region is ideal for fishing. The warm current makes ideal conditions for the growth of plankton. The cold current bring in nutrients from the bottom of the ocean. Most net primary production in the ocean takes place in the epipelagic zone, primarily in the neritic zone near the shore. Net primary production is the greatest in this region as it's the upper layer of the ocean and therefore receives the most sunlight, and the proximity to the shore. Nearly all primary production in the ocean occurs here, and marine life is concentrated in this zone, including plankton, floating seaweed, jellyfish, tuna, many sharks and dolphins. The uppermost zone, from the sea surface to a depth of 200 m (656 ft), is called the epipelagic or photic zone. The large amount of available sunlight makes this the most productive zone of the ocean. The Epipelagic zone has the warmest water and the highest rate of gas exchange with the atmosphere, which increases biodiversity. Although they occupy less than two percent of the oceans, the coastal upwelling areas in the eastern parts of the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean are among the biologically most productive marine areas worldwide. They not only support a large biodiversity, but also provide 20 percent of the world's fish harvest. The epipelagic zone (or upper open ocean) is the part of the ocean where there is enough sunlight for algae to utilize photosynthesis (the process by which organisms use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into food).
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