I'm not sure if looking at disaster data will help to understand appropriate analysis techniques. There are some publications looking at data analysis:
Simon French (2012) "Cynefin, statistics and decision analysis"
IFRC (2013) World Disasters Report 2013
I'd consider the difference between business, humanitarian and military contexts and the implication on intelligence.
An interesting read on "measurement" is How to measure anything (http://www.amazon.com/How-Measure-Anything-Intangibles-Business/dp/0470539399). Even though it's focus is on business, and it doesn't address disasters, it offers a very insightful alternative perspective on data mining. Worth having a look