The soil microbes mediate the biogeochemical cycling for soil mineral nutrients availability such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur, which are the major growth-promoting nutrients to the plants. The microbes use organic carbon as their energy source to drive the recycling process. The soil microbes mediate the biogeochemical cycling for soil mineral nutrients availability such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur, which are the major growth-promoting nutrients to the plants. The microbes use organic carbon as their energy source to drive the recycling process. Microorganisms and their interactions in soil play a critical role in mediating the distribution of P between the available pool in soil solution and the total soil P through solubilization and mineralization reactions, and through immobilization of P into microbial biomass and/or formation of sparingly available forms. Microorganisms are essential to soil formation and soil ecology because they control the flux of nutrients to plants promote nitrogen fixation, and promote soil detoxification of inorganic and naturally occurring organic pollutants.

The soil microbes are like heart of the soil, role of microorganisms in agriculture is indispensable. The soil microbes mediate the biogeochemical cycling for soil mineral nutrients availability such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur. Soil microorganisms are responsible for most of the nutrient release from organic matter . In addition to this mineralization of bound forms of sulphur, soil microbes are also responsible for the rapid immobilization of sulphate, first to sulphate esters and subsequently to carbon-bound sulphur. microorganisms provide vital functions and ecosystem services, such as biological pest and disease control, promotion of plant growth and crop quality, and biodegradation of organic matter and pollutants. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates. Bacteria of decay, which convert decaying nitrogen waste to ammonia. Nitrifying bacteria, which convert ammonia to nitrates/nitrites. Denitrifying bacteria, which convert nitrates to nitrogen gas.

Dear Prem Baboo thanks you for your contribution to the discussion

Microorganisms play an important role in improving soil fertility and involved in all aspects of N cycling, including N2 fixation, nitrification, denitrification and ammonification. They decompose plant residues, soil organic matter and release inorganic nutrients that can then be taken up by plants Microbes play an active role in soil fertility hence all of the bio-geochemical cycle mediated by microbes such as nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon cycle etc. By the decomposition of organic matter, microbes recycle the nutrients in soil. The soil microbes mediate the biogeochemical cycling for soil mineral nutrients availability such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur, which are the major growth-promoting nutrients to the plants. The microbes use organic carbon as their energy source to drive the recycling process. Through a biological process as nitrification, soil microbes convert ammonium to nitrates that plants can absorb. In order to be efficient at this process, microbes need oxygen and nitrification because it can be linked to greenhouse gases and loss of fertilizer. Microbes are also responsible for generating the myriad of organic phosphorus compounds found throughout the environment. In particular, microbes and primary producers play an important role in providing nutrition, including phosphorus, to higher trophic levels by making it biologically available. Microbes provide benefits to plants by enhancing nutrition, protecting from abiotic stresses and biotic stresses. Phosphorus (P) is one of very crucial fertilizer for plants and most important next to Nitrogen in limiting plant productivity. Microorganisms and their interactions in soil play a critical role in mediating the distribution of P between the available pool in soil solution and the total soil P through solubilization and mineralization reactions, and through immobilization of P into microbial biomass and/or formation of sparingly available forms. Different microorganisms like Actinomycetes, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Aspergillus, Penicillium, etc. are involved in the solubilization of phosphorus in the soil so that it is available to plants and other animals.