to my understanding, Surficial formation is any thing that is exposed on the surface, could be unconsolidated or consolidated.
Regolith is amalgamation of sediments with varying grain size & fragments of rocks in situ, essentially unconsolidated.
Residual soil is remnants of sediments which is devoid of soluble particles as it has been washed away by fluvial processes.
Overburden is superincumbent load of debris on the bed rock.
Overburden is the sedimentary deposit or rocky material that overlies parent material and, for all intents and purposes, is synonymous with regolith.
Surficial soil formation is the development of soil through the accumulation and weathering of materials on or near the surface. This consists of the breakdown of larger soil particles, vegetative and animal matter, etc., and can include the incorporation of particles deposited by aeolian, colluvial, and fluvial processes.
Regolith is the unconsolidated materials above the bedrock that are either weathered from the underlying material or transported in by water, wind, or glacial action and does not include the soil.
Residual soils are those that develop from in situ regolith that has underwent extreme weathering and erosion.
In residual soils there is a greater loss of minerals, with the exception of ferric oxide, in the transition from granite parent material to clay than from limestone bedrock to clay. This granite-derived soils are poorer for crop production.
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