Types of arterial hypertension in elderly:

1. Natural progression of the essential hypertension from the previous years, sometimes with specific features for the elderly

2. The Isolated systolic hypertension hemodynamically related to the aorta and magistral arterial stiffening

3. Consequence of the atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis development

4. Consequence of the chronic kidney disease development (progression including diabetic)

5. Related to the obstructive sleep apnea appearance or progression with aging

6. Any mixed forms related to above reasons

7. Other rare forms (pheo-, hyperaldo-, hypothyreoid-, etc)

Addictive substances having sympathomimetic activities might causes hypertension . Typical example is cocaine . Some drugs ate also responsible for hypertension on chronic use eg amphetamine

Dear Abdullahi

I agree dr. Bharti. Cocaine and methamphetamine trigger strong sympathetic nervous system responses. These drugs can cause both acute spikes and chronic elevations in blood pressure, as well as long-term vascular damage.

Alcohol can lead to chronic hypertension. Long-term or heavy drinking elevates blood pressure and may damage cardiovascular control mechanisms, such as the baroreceptors.

Nicotine increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and raising heart rate. Over time, it leads to arterial stiffness and damage to the endothelium.

High doses of caffeine can raise blood pressure. This effect is more pronounced in sensitive individuals or those already diagnosed with hypertension.

Misuse of prescription medications such as decongestants, stimulants for ADHD, and certain antidepressants can also contribute to elevated blood pressure if not properly managed.

Anabolic steroids can cause fluid retention and increased vascular resistance, leading to hypertension.

I hope this can help you.

Abuse of amphetamine and cocaine are you culprit for hypertension