What should be the structure of the energy mix of various energy sources in order for the national energy system to be safe and emission-free, i.e. in line with the green transformation of the economy and the realization of sustainable development goals?
What should be the structure of the energy mix of various energy sources so that the national energy system is characterized by independence from various factors and a high level of energy security?
The structure of the energy mix of various energy sources is determined by a number of factors. On the one hand, these are historical factors, technological, geographic, natural, economic conditions, etc. On the other hand, these are the determinants arising from a certain adopted energy policy, including taking into account the implementation of the goals of sustainable development, the principles of green transformation of the energy sector, social climate and environmental responsibility, and taking care of prospective future energy security. Taking into account the aforementioned determinants, there is a non-uniform structure of the energy mix of various energy sources in different countries. Taking into account the mentioned energy policy issues, the structure of the energy mix of various energy sources should be constructed in such a way that the national energy system, on the one hand, is characterized by independence from various factors and a high level of energy security, and, on the other hand, should also be in line with the green transformation of the economy and the implementation of sustainable development goals. In Poland in recent years, in terms of renewable energy sources, photovoltaic was the most significant in the structure of the share of installed capacity. Wind power came second, hydroelectric power was third, followed by biomass and biogas power plants. Unfortunately, still more than 70 percent of electricity and even more thermal energy is generated in Poland in conventional thermal power plants powered by coal or lignite. Successively from year to year, as part of the progressive green transformation of the energy industry, the share of various types of renewable energy sources in the energy mix of energy sources is steadily increasing.
I described the key issues of the green transformation of the economy, including the green transformation of the energy sector, in my article below:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Article IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVE...
I invite you to discuss this important topic for the future of the planet's biosphere and climate.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
What should be the structure of the energy mix of various energy sources so that the national energy system is characterized by independence from various factors and a high level of energy security?
What should be the structure of the energy mix of various energy sources so that the national energy system is secure and emission-free, i.e., in line with the green transformation of the economy and the realization of sustainable development goals?
What should be the structure of the energy mix of various energy sources so that the national energy system is safe and emission-free?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text, I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
It depends on the system.
The hosting capacity for low emission variable energy sources first needs to be determined. This hosting capacity is a factor of the allowable rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and frequency containment, restoration and replacement reserves. These reserves and inertial response to limit RoCoF are provided by synchronous generating plants. As each technology has different inertial and frequency response, the hosting capacity will be different for different balancing areas.
The determination of hosting capacity will then determine the energy mix and supporting ancillary infrastructure deployment for optimal power quality and system security with increased VRE permeation for a grid.
As you know, transportation and land use are two important sectors that pollute the environment. Mixing different land uses at the level of urban areas, integrating transportation planning and land use in order to gradually reduce and eliminate fossil fuel-based energy sources is very important to achieve a cleaner and more sustainable energy mix. For further description, the solution based on the following article is suggested to operationalize the issue:
https://www.sid.ir/fileserver/je/1219202210903.pdf
First, in my opinion, the solutions in this field depend on the geographic location used:
1- For developing countries: measures like the ones mentioned before, so that people travel by personal transportation will be less.
2- For developed and advanced countries: the combined use of environmentally friendly resources such as solar, wind, hydroelectric and geothermal renewable energies should be considered.
@Dariusz Prokopowicz
This has been a question on many nations, and people, minds for decades, ever since the first oil & gas crisis of the 70's! I had the opportunity to conduct my doctoral research on fusion energy (as a theoretical atomic physicist); then opportunity led me to invest over 30 years of my active career life in the energy sector (in SLB), where I developed or managed development of methods and science for multiple resources. It is now my belief, based on this experience, that an energy mix is and will always be needed to meet demand that is expected to rise due to population growth. This mix will not be one and the same for all countries or regions... but it is expected to vary based on socioeconomic conditions, on infrastructure capabilities, and the presence of skilled labor. Planning for an energy mix is not simple and requires planning for decades to come, given that such plans are and will always be perturbed by geopolitical conflicts. It is my view that, at least for developed countries, this mix will include
- fossil fuels at a decreasing percentage year-on-year; with diminishing dependency on coal being the first goal
- geothermal energy despite its many challenges
- nuclear energy despite its risks and safe operating costs
- renewables like wind, solar, and wave (oceanic)
Following the development in fusion energy, I would venture that it could/would be commercially viable in a decade or two.
I hope this helps.