Many international agreements have been concluded to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and numerous solutions have been proposed to this problem. Some have been implemented, while others remain stalled. In my personal opinion, the best approach implemented on the ground, and the impact of which we have seen, is the imposition of high taxes on industrial and other activities that cause this problem. In contrast, taxes have been reduced on activities that use renewable energy in manufacturing, agriculture, transportation, and even in homes, thus limiting the emission of gases that cause global warming.

Globally, the most effective policies for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been those that combine regulatory frameworks, economic incentives, and technological innovation. Carbon pricing mechanisms such as carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETS) have successfully driven industries to cut emissions in regions like the EU, Canada, and parts of Asia. Renewable energy mandates, feed-in tariffs, and subsidies for solar, wind, and bioenergy have accelerated clean energy adoption, notably in Germany and China. Energy efficiency standards for vehicles, appliances, and buildings in countries like Japan and the U.S. have also curbed emissions significantly. Additionally, policies supporting reforestation, soil carbon sequestration, and climate-smart agriculture (e.g., in Costa Rica and Brazil) have demonstrated strong mitigation benefits. Importantly, long-term climate laws with binding targets, as seen in the EU’s Climate Law and the UK’s Climate Change Act, provide stability and accountability, ensuring sustained emission reductions.