There is a set of problems found in smart reflective surfaces, including:

1. the secrecy rate maximization (SRM) problem is formulated, which is a non-convex problem with multiple coupled variables.

2. The nonconvexity problem of maximizing the weighted sum rate (WSR) of all users when the BSs and the users are equipped with multiple antennas, which enhances the spectral efficiency by exploiting the spatial multiplexing gain.

3. The optimization problem of maximizing the weighted sum rate (WSR) of information receivers (IRs), the transmit precoding (TPC) matrices of the base station (BS) and the passive phase shift matrix of the IRS jointly.

4. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) grows linearly with the number of array elements N when using Massive MIMO receivers and half-duplex relays.

5. properly altering the signal propagation via tuning a large number of passive reflecting units.

6. the secrecy rate of the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted Guassian multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channel

7. maximize the spectral efficiency of an IRS-assisted point-to-point multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system

8. enhancing its secrecy rate for an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted Guassian multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channel (WTC).

What parameters can be used when improving the performance of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) by optimization algorithms?

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