Fröhlich proposed that when proteins absorb a terahertz photon the added energy forces the oscillating molecules into a single, lowest-frequency mode which supports the Orch-OR theory of consciousness by Hameroff and Penrose. In contrast, other models predict that the protein will quickly dissipate the energy from the photon in the form of heat. This was challenged by Reimers and group in 2009, where the group demonstrated that no amount of mechanical energy can produce a coherent Fröhlich condensate. But in a recent 2015 study, Katona and his colleagues concluded that the long-lasting structural changes that were observed in the helical structure of the lysosome crystal could only be explained by Fröhlich condensation, a quantum-like collective state in which the molecules in a protein behave as one.