I know they are required for the transfer of T-DNA and are transferred along with it. But how is it useful exactly, apart from transfer. And how are they cleaved
A key feature of Ti plasmids is their ability to drive the production of opines, which are derivatives of various amino acids or sugar phosphates, in host plant cells. These opines can then be used as a nutrient for the infecting bacteria, which catabolizes the respective opines using genes encoded in the Ti plasmid.
Dear Zainab Faiyaz ,
This article has all the info you want, see link below. The borders are where the vir proteins attached. See paragraph " Transport of T-DNA and virulence proteins via type IV secretion system (T4SS) ".
- The A. tumefaciens-mediated plant genetic transformation process requires the presence of two genetic components located on the bacterial Ti-plasmid. (1) The first essential component is the T-DNA, defined by conserved 25-base pair imperfect repeats at the ends of the T-region called border sequences. (2) The second is the virulence (vir) region, which is composed of at least seven major loci (virA, virB, virC, virD, virE, virF, and virG) encoding components of the bacterial protein machinery mediating T-DNA processing and transfer.
- VirD1 and VirD2 proteins function together as a site- and strand-specific endonuclease which binds to the supercoiled Ti plasmid at the **T-DNA borders**, relaxes it and nicks the bottom T-DNA strand between the third and fourth bases of the T-DNA borders
https://bioone.org/journals/the-arabidopsis-book/volume-2017/issue-15/tab.0186/Agrobacterium-Mediated-Plant-Transformation-Biology-and-Applications/10.1199/tab.0186.full#f01
A key feature of Ti plasmids is their ability to drive the production of opines, which are derivatives of various amino acids or sugar phosphates, in host plant cells. These opines can then be used as a nutrient for the infecting bacteria, which catabolizes the respective opines using genes encoded in the Ti plasmid.
Note: The question is "What is the crucial function/role of the Left Border (LB) and Right Border (RB) of T-DNA" in transferring the DNA fragment.
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