The simplest method to determine the linear refractive index of solution.
•1: Langford, S. A., 1990. A modified Jelley refractometer. J. Microscopy, v. 163, pt. 3, September, pp. 333 - 345. [Please note that the equation on p. 339 requires addition of constant 1.517207, which was inadvertently lost due to an interruption (by religious proselytizers) of my final editing work. The correction was published in a later issue, which I can not locate on the Web. --SL, 20 Oct 2016]
•2: Langford, S. A., and J. K. Nakagawa, 1978. A general equation for estimating refractive indices of Cargille liquids at various temperatures and wavelengths. The Microscope, v. 26, no. 4, pp. 167 - 170.
Thank you Stephen Arthur Langford these references.
You're welcome, Imad Al-Deen Hussein Ali Al-Saidi. :-) -Steve-
If you have trouble finding Stephen's Jelley refractometer paper, I believe the reference should be: Journal of Microscopy, volume 163, part 3, pp 333-345, September 1991.
It is an interesting technique I had not come across before. There is an illustration which make the principle clearer here: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ac50120a021?journalCode=iecac0
A. E. Edwards, C. E. Otto, "A Microrefractometer of Sample Design", Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed., 1938, 10 (4), pp 225–226, April 1938, DOI: 10.1021/ac50120a021.
Alternatively, an Abbe refractometer is simple to use and capable of accurate results for small volumes of liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbe_refractometer
http://www2.ups.edu/faculty/hanson/labtechniques/refractometry/theory.htm
Alan! :-)
You are absolutely correct. I have just corrected my own collation of citations (27 pp and growing). My only excuse is poor eyesight.
Thank you also for your pointer to
A. E. Edwards, C. E. Otto, 1938. A Microrefractometer of Sample Design. Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed., v. 10, no. 4, pp 225–226.
Much appreciated! -Steve-
Some afterthoughts, for your possible interest:
https://www.google.com/search?q=Abbe+refractometer&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8#q=Abbe+refractometer&tbs=vw:l,ss:9,p_ord:p&tbm=shop
http://www.mutualscrew.com/product/rugged-rubber-armor-jacket-palm-abbe-refractometers-184644.cfm?source=froogle&gclid=CNeo_KmrgtACFQSTfgodK_cJLg
https://www.google.com/search?q=Abbe+refractometer&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8#q=Abbe+refractometer&tbs=vw:l,ss:9,p_ord:p&tbm=shop&spd=10866683542851047433
I envision a ruggedized, field-portable, petrographic microscope that might mimic that telescope in design and be functional over accurately known, wide ranges of temperature and wavelength; and, have the ability to control teensy changes of liquid RI via introduction of liquids having lesser or greater RI (in addition to changes in temperature and wavelength); together with continuous recording of all pertinent information, during counts. Data could be telecommunicated. Such a system would obviate the need for precalibration of liquids. Feasible?
A friend once told me that anything you can imagine can be done electronically, but I have to date been unsuccessful in getting anybody to become seriously interested in creating and marketing such an instrument. Surely, there are competing technologies, and I have perforce ignored lots, while focusing upon my own work. For all I know, there are now field-portable Raman spectroscopes that can do more than one could ever do as a human with a petrographic microscope: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66r3zZoO4dQ
Might one of you be able to give me some hand holding in Statistica 13? I need to learn how to work efficiently on that platform, in terms of getting better organized and learning how to use Word for Windows from within Statistica. I also could use some help better to analyze some GLM runs, and in considering the possible advisability of learning to use yet other statistical tools. In candor, I must say: I have learned quite effectively to use GLM as a calculator, and I have studied and played a bit with other routines such as factor analysis and geostatistics, but I am merely self-trained and am not self assured as a statistician. Some colleagueship would be deeply appreciated. I am not ready, however, to release my data set. Just when to do that is also a matter on which I can use good advice.
Thanks for your interest! -Steve-
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