Microbes are involved in many processes, including the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and are responsible for both using and producing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Microbes can have positive and negative responses to temperature, making them an important component of climate change models. The warming climate is decreasing microbial diversity, which is essential for soil health. The warming climate is decreasing microbial diversity, which is essential for soil health. Climate change could increase the risk of wildfires, which could change the species composition and decrease biodiversity. Water is a limiting factor in dry lands, and changes in water availability can have disproportionate effects on biodiversity. Climate change can overwhelm the capacity of ecosystems to mitigate extreme events and disturbance, such as wildfires, floods, and drought. Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change and up to a certain point, crops and other plants grow better in the presence of higher carbon dioxide levels and seem to be more drought-tolerant. But this benefit is a two-edged sword: weeds, many invasive plant species, and insect pests will also thrive in a warmer world.

Warmer temperatures affect the densities of airborne microbes and can accelerate their long-distance transport. Higher temperatures and environmental stresses can also alter human and animal physiologies and defenses against pathogens. Skin and gut micro biomes may become less protective. Temperature also impacts microbial growth. Most microbes grow optimally within a certain temperature range dictated by the ability of proteins within the cell to function. In general, at low temperatures, microbes grow slower. At higher temperatures, microbes grow more quickly. The most significant effect of the microbes on earth is their ability to recycle the primary elements that make up all living systems, especially carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. Primary production involves photosynthetic organisms which take up CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it to organic material. Microbes play an important role in climate because they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when they eat. Bacteria and their main predators, protests, account for more than 40 times the biomass of all animals on Earth. As a result, they have a huge effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Microbes are involved in many processes, including the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and are responsible for both using and producing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Microbes can have positive and negative responses to temperature, making them an important component of climate change models.Increased levels of CO2 also induce the reproduction of microbes, resulting in excessive consumption of the nutrient, as well as iron and phosphorus, which are not abundantly found in the oceans. Carbon dioxide can also affect the biodiversity of keystone microbial species of the ocean ecosystem. Microbial population in soil are determined by various factor such as soil depth, organic matter, porosity, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration, soil PH, etc. Factors that influence microorganism role in nutrient building and cycling in soil and organic matter decomposition are of unique interest.