The carbon cycle describes the process by which carbon atoms continuously move from the atmosphere to the Earth and then back to the atmosphere. Since our planet and its atmosphere form a closed environment, the amount of carbon in this system does not change. Where carbon exists, it is in constant flux in the atmosphere or land.

On Earth, most of the carbon is stored in rocks and sediments, while the rest is located in the ocean, atmosphere, and the bodies of living organisms. These are the reservoirs in which the carbon cycle takes place. When organisms die, volcanoes erupt, fires burn, or fossil fuels are burned, carbon enters the atmosphere. In the case of the ocean, carbon is continuously exchanged between the surface waters of the ocean and the atmosphere or is stored in the deep ocean for long periods of time. Humans play a major role in the carbon cycle through activities such as burning fossil fuels or developing land. As a result, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing rapidly. CO2 in the atmosphere is now significantly higher than ever before.

Microorganisms in soil carry out many vital processes in soil. Some of them perform important functions in nutrient and carbon cycling. Soil microorganisms play an essential role in decomposing and decomposing organic matter, nutrient cycling, and soil fertility. Soil microorganisms produce a large amount of adhesive material (eg polysaccharides and mucilage) that help stick and compact soil masses. This adhesive prevents the soil particles from collapsing when exposed to water.

Dr Fatemeh Gharahdaghigharahtappeh thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Marine microorganisms have a central place in the global carbon cycle as they function as a biological pump, sequestering anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the deep ocean. Ocean microbes play an important role in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, particularly the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and sulfur cycles. They also form the very base of the marine food chain, recycle nutrients and organic matter, and produce vitamins and cofactors needed by higher organisms to grow and survive. Through a process called carbon fixation, a byproduct of photosynthesis, marine microorganisms incorporate carbon into their molecular building blocks, with 2 important outcomes: the carbon is introduced to the food web and molecular oxygen is released as a byproduct into the ocean. Microorganisms play many different roles in the marine environment, from being the base of the food chain to controlling much of the flow of marine energy and nutrients and being essential to the ocean's health. Marine microbial enzymes have been reported to have a wide range of potential applications such as in the dairy, food, detergents, textile, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and biodiesel industries. They are pervasive and play many different roles in the marine environment, from being the base of the food chain, controlling much of the flow of marine energy and nutrients, and being essential to the ocean's health. Microbes are critical in the process of breaking down and transforming dead organic material into forms that can be reused by other organisms. This is why the microbial enzyme systems involved are viewed as key 'engines' that drives the Earth's biogeochemical cycles. Microorganisms play a dominant role in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. They are rightly praised for their facility for fixing both carbon and nitrogen into organic matter, and microbial driven processes have tangibly altered the chemical composition of the biosphere and its surrounding atmosphere. Bacteria break down dead organisms, animal waste, and plant litter to obtain nutrients. But microbes don't just eat nature's waste, they recycle it. The process of decomposition releases chemicals that can be used to build new plants and animals.