What is the role and uses of microorganisms in bioremediation of contaminated soil and how do microorganisms help in recycling of matter?
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749199001360
https://oldwww.landcareresearch.co.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/77040/1_12_Aislabie.pdf
Microorganisms are utilized in bioremediation because of their ability to degrade environmental pollutants due to their metabolism via biochemical pathways related to the organisms’ activity and growth. Bacteria break down dead organisms, animal waste, and plant litter to obtain nutrients. But microbes don't just eat nature's waste, they recycle it. The process of decomposition releases chemicals that can be used to build new plants and animals. Microorganisms recycle nutrients in the environment, by decomposing organic materials. Organic materials, such as animal carcasses and tree trunks, decay by the action of decomposing microbes, which are also responsible for getting rid of industrial and household waste. However, micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes even though they go unnoticed in your compost pile–are responsible for most of the organic material breakdown. They are chemical decomposers because they use chemicals in their bodies to break down organic matter. The type of organism that recycles nutrients in a food web is decomposers. Decomposers are organisms that consume dead or decaying matter and recycle the nutrients back into the soil. Worms, bacteria, and fungi are examples of decomposers. Soil microbes can break down plant organic matter to carbon dioxide or convert it to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compounds. This leads either to long-term carbon storage, because DOC can bind to soil particles, or to the release of carbon back to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Bacteria constitute the foundation of all of Earth's ecosystems, being responsible for the degradation and recycling of essential elements such as car- bon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Bioremediators are biological agents used for bioremediation in order to clean up contaminated sites. Bacteria, archaea and fungi are typical prime bioremediators. The most significant effect of the microbes on earth is their ability to recycle the primary elements that make up all living systems, especially carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. Primary production involves photosynthetic organisms which take up CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it to organic material. Here in, microbes carry out the decomposition of organic matter by utilizing carbon and nitrogen as the energy sources along with oxygen and water, ensuring the production of water, carbon dioxide, heat, and soil-enriching compost.
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