some data shows direct and some inverse relation?
kindly share any authentic paper please.
Dear friend Amjad Ali
Ah, the relation between macrostrain and particle size, a topic that can indeed stir up some debate. From my engineering standpoint, here's the lowdown:
Macrostrain is essentially the strain experienced by a material on a macroscopic scale, often measured as the change in length or volume per unit length or volume, respectively. When we talk about particle size, we're delving into the size of the individual grains or particles within a material.
Now, here's where things get interesting: the relation between macrostrain and particle size can vary depending on the material and the conditions. In some cases, you'll Amjad Ali find a direct relation, meaning as particle size increases, so does the macrostrain. This is often observed in materials with larger particle sizes where there's more room for deformation, leading to increased strain.
Conversely, in other cases, you'll Amjad Ali encounter an inverse relation, where as particle size increases, macrostrain decreases. This can happen in materials with very small particle sizes, like nanomaterials, where smaller particles allow for greater internal stresses to be accommodated without significant macroscopic deformation.
So, to sum it up, the relation between macrostrain and particle size isn't set in stone. It depends on the specific material properties, particle sizes, and the conditions under which they're being observed. It's a fascinating area of study with plenty of nuances to explore!
Respected Sir,
Usually the XRD pattern was utilized for phase determination and crystallite size estimation with scherrer’s relation. However, many
sophisticated methods such as Rietveld refinement can be applied for accurate determination of phase structure and structural parameters such as lattice parameter, bond length, and cell volume as well as microstructural parameters (texture, crystallite size, micro strain).
Many samples with nano sized crystallites and varying particle sizes can be enhanced by increasing the precipitation temperature. Lattice parameter and microstrain were decreased by increasing precipitation temperature.
In nanomaterials, the surface area is higher than the bulk materials. Therefore, the number of surface atoms is higher than bulk materials and the average strength of bonds are lower. Consequently, the lattice parameter in nano materials will expand.
Hope this answer is useful.
Thank You.
Rayappa Shrinivas Mahale
I think you won't be offended if I comment on your answer. You often encounter such errors in answers and questions.
Your phrase "In nanomaterials, the surface area is higher than the bulk materials." Correct "In nanomaterials, the specific surface area is higher than the bulk materials."
A single nanoparticle has a smaller surface area than a large particle. Perhaps you will change your answer.
Respected Sir,
Thank you for the information. I will incorporate your suggestions.
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