Watershed development structures like Contour Trenches, Contour Bunds, Loose Boulder Structures are built to arrest the run-off and soil erosion. They facilitate the infiltration, which trigger improved soil moisture and water table.
We work on the watershed development in India. I wanted to know the relationship between watershed development structures and soil moisture in following regards:
How does impact of watershed structures on soil moisture vary with the
Well,
The soil zone extends from the earth's surface to the end of the area where the roots of the plants extend, so the thickness of the soil range depends on soil quality and plant type. Water in this zone is found to be less than saturation, except for an excess of water on the surface of the earth such as rainfall, irrigation and flooding. Although a portion of the precipitation leaks below the surface soil, The surface leading to ponds.
The water at the top of the earth's surface is called soil water (soil moisture) and depends on soil porosity, humidity, temperature and air pressure. It is found in soft, medium-grained soils, surrounded by plant roots and exposed to evaporation. Water around soil granules prevents it from moving. This is due to physicochemical factors and adhesion strength.
Since almost all of the water running downwards passes through the soil range. As the soil zone is the surface of the earth exposed to weathering factors or mechanical and chemical erosion and biological processes that provide growth to plants, this zone has an impact on the chemical water from which it is filtered. The soil zone contains organic matter, plant roots followed by oxides such as iron oxide, substances exposed to weathering and oxidation factors, and secondary mineral concentrations. The presence of oxygen, water and carbon dioxide, which is produced from organic matter, causes chemical reactions in this range, Some acids cause rock fragmentation.
Regards
Well,
The soil zone extends from the earth's surface to the end of the area where the roots of the plants extend, so the thickness of the soil zone depends on soil quality and plant type. Water in this zone is found to be less than saturation, except for an excess of water on the surface of the earth such as rainfall, irrigation and flooding. Although a portion of the precipitation leaks below the surface soil, The surface leading to ponds.
The water at the top of the earth's surface is called soil water (soil moisture) and depends on soil porosity, humidity, temperature and air pressure. It is found in soft, medium-grained soils, surrounded by plant roots and exposed to evaporation. Water around soil granules prevents it from moving. This is due to physicochemical factors and adhesion strength.
Since almost all of the water running downwards passes through the soil zone. As the soil range is the surface of the earth exposed to weathering factors or mechanical and chemical erosion and biological processes that provide growth to plants, this range has an impact on the chemical water from which it is filtered. The soil zone contains organic matter, plant roots followed by oxides such as iron oxide, substances exposed to weathering and oxidation factors, and secondary mineral concentrations. The presence of oxygen, water and carbon dioxide, which is produced from organic matter, causes chemical reactions in this zone, Some acids cause rock fragmentation.
Regards
In general, these practices increase infiltration that increase soil moisture. The nature of variation in soil moisture depends on antecedent moisture conditions (AMC), soil type, amount of residence time in the structure, and subsurface geology. If AMC is high, it can limit infiltration. This is the case of flooded conditions where soils are fully saturated. Soil drainage plays an important role in how much infiltration occurs. Sandy soils have high infiltration, but can lose the soil water to deeper layers and subsurface flows. Clayey soils can hold moisture well but have low infiltration rates. Storage in the structure is important for allowing water detention for infiltration is complete. In high slopes, moisture tends to extend as a plume extended towards downstream along the groundwater flow gradient.
I agree with Bayan Hussien comment"
The soil zone extends from the earth's surface to the end of the area where the roots of the plants extend, so the thickness of the soil zone depends on soil quality and plant type. Water in this zone is found to be less than saturation, except for an excess of water on the surface of the earth such as rainfall, irrigation and flooding. Although a portion of the precipitation leaks below the surface soil, The surface leading to ponds.
The water at the top of the earth's surface is called soil water (soil moisture) and depends on soil porosity, humidity, temperature and air pressure. It is found in soft, medium-grained soils, surrounded by plant roots and exposed to evaporation. Water around soil granules prevents it from moving. This is due to physicochemical factors and adhesion strength.
Since almost all of the water running downwards passes through the soil zone. As the soil range is the surface of the earth exposed to weathering factors or mechanical and chemical erosion and biological processes that provide growth to plants, this range has an impact on the chemical water from which it is filtered. The soil zone contains organic matter, plant roots followed by oxides such as iron oxide, substances exposed to weathering and oxidation factors, and secondary mineral concentrations. The presence of oxygen, water and carbon dioxide, which is produced from organic matter, causes chemical reactions in this zone, Some acids cause rock fragmentation".
Impact of watershed structures on soil moisture:
There are many factors such as
1.The relationship between rainfall intensity (cm/hour) and the infiltration rate capacity,
2.Soil texture
3. Soil depth
4.Vegetation cover of soil
5. Topography and watershed of the area
6. Compaction in soil grains.
7. Soil particles.
Good hydrology models account for soil water content when considering soil runoff. The two models I am familiar with are the curve number model, which using antecedent water content as one of the inputs, and there is usually a table giving suggestions for how to do this. I personally like the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model hydrology that does a continuous run, but does a water balance each day. That means that sometimes a less severe storm on a wet soil will generate more runoff than a more severe storm on a dry soil. As the model is run for maybe 50 years, there are many combinations of storm severity and soil water content in that time fram to consider a number of possible conditions that may occur,
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