Having considered in general terms how a mitochondrion uses electron transport to create an electrochemical proton gradient, we need to examine the mechanisms that underlie this membrane-based energy-conversion process. In doing so, we also accomplish a larger purpose. As emphasized at the beginning of this chapter, very similar chemiosmotic mechanisms are used by mitochondria, chloroplasts, archea, and bacteria. In fact, these mechanisms underlie the function of nearly all living organisms—including anaerobes that derive all their energy from electron transfers between two inorganic molecules. It is therefore rather humbling for scientists to remind themselves that the existence of chemiosmosis has been recognized for only about 40 years.
We begin with a look at some of the principles that underlie the electron-transport process, with the aim of explaining how it can pump protons across a membrane.
Hello, I also add that it is very useful in photosynthesis (Converting Photo energy to Potential chemical energy by stimulating the electrons of the chlorophyll molecules).
Heat is energy stored in temperature-dependent motion of particles including electrons. The state of energy stored within matter, or transported by the carriers, is described by a combination of classical and quantum statistical mechanics. in classical mechanic the heat produce due to the rate of particle collisions.