there are various computer programs and technologies that are frequently used to model and analyze historical urban contexts, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Building Information Modeling (BIM), and 3D laser scanning.
As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, there were several programs and approaches used to measure historical urban contexts. However, I cannot provide information on the most recent developments beyond that date. Nonetheless, I can give you an overview of some widely used methods at that time.
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging): LiDAR technology uses laser beams to measure distances and create highly detailed 3D models of urban environments. It has been utilized to map historical cities and reconstruct buildings in their original forms.
Photogrammetry: This technique involves analyzing photographs of historical sites from multiple angles to create accurate 3D models. Using specialized software, measurements of structures and urban contexts can be obtained.
GIS (Geographic Information System): GIS integrates various data sources, including historical maps, satellite imagery, and archival records, to analyze and measure urban contexts. It allows for spatial analysis, visualization, and mapping of historical features and their changes over time.
Remote Sensing: Remote sensing involves capturing data about the Earth's surface from aerial or satellite imagery. It has been applied to study historical urban contexts, such as identifying archaeological features or analyzing urban expansion.
Terrestrial Laser Scanning: Similar to LiDAR, terrestrial laser scanning uses laser beams to collect precise measurements of buildings and urban spaces. It can capture fine details and has been used to document historical sites and urban areas.
It's important to note that advancements in technology and research may have introduced new methods or improved upon existing ones since my last update. To stay up to date with the most recent programs and approaches, I recommend referring to academic literature, industry publications, and consulting with experts in the field.