In the process of cutting the workpiece using a lathe, the cutting tool is an important thing to note, but it is difficult to know if the cutting tool will wear out. Therefore, it will be easier if you can know the characteristics that indicate that the cutting tool will wear out.
You can do force measurements. Alternatively, changes in force can be detected by changes in the currents for the CNC axes. Consequently the changes in current, which are typically available in CNC machines without additional sensors or equipment, can be an opportunity. Furthermore, systems for accoustic emission or accelaration sensors can be applied.
You can measure cutting edges after a certain cut length with an optical microscope. In this case, it is possible to estimate the wear rate through a constant monitoring within these intervals and, thus, to draw an estimate of its behavior. Like this research: Article Methodology for Measuring the Cutting Inserts Wear
I suggest this book of machining, which have a chapter about tool wear and mechanisms:
Chapter Tools (Geometry and Material) and Tool Wear
There are also new alternative methods for wear measurements as per the research below:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0924013602007331
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1059/1/012020/meta
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