Yin:

If you want a counterpart of gravity with electromagnetism, I would suggest you read the three books published by O. Jefimenko... He claims that gravity is not only an attraction but both an attraction and angular momentum.  Moreover, he makes corrections to gravity based upon space travel... Fascinating stuff!

P.A. Murad

Entire space, outside basic  3D matter-particles, is filled with an all-encompassing universal medium, structured by quanta of matter. Due to its structure, universal medium is inherently under compression. A 3D matter-particle, in the universal medium, experiences compression from universal medium. This property of universal medium is gravitation. Magnitude of gravitation corresponds to extent of universal medium that exerts the pressure. Gravitational attraction (gravity) is the resultant (relatively a minor by-product) of separate gravitational actions on two 3D matter-particles. 

Gravitational field is distorted region in universal medium surrounding a 3D matter-body. Gravitation and gravitational attraction (gravity) are different phenomena. Gravitation can be positive, negative or zero. See: 'MATTER (Re-examined)' , www.matterdoc.info 

Nainan

Nice theory but no facts to prove it. Why not look at experimental facts where a laminar light beam does increase weight of any object placed over it and decrease weight for objects placed under it. Any good gravity theory have to be able to explain that simply.See paper  (Further Experiments Demonstrating the Effect of Light on Gravitation

Louis Rancourt & Philip J. Tattersall)

Louis

Nainan:

To be gravitational is probably a gradient of gravity so they are related.

Rather than discuss semantics, I am more concerned with how to deal with inhomogeneous gravitational fields...

P.A. Murad

Dear Henk Smid,

Thank you for your information.

Best wishes.

Yin

Dear P. A. Murad,

Thank you for your suggestion. But, I think, observation and experiment are crucial to current theory of gravity. We have too many conjectures and mathematics deduction for the the theory of gravity. But, they are invalid to solve the problems as listed in this question.

Dear Nainan,

Interesting conjectures.

Yin:

What evidence do you want? 

Look at the Trojan asteroids, look at jets leaving black holes... Things may not be like they really are... For the asteroids, there are a million at each of the Libration points.  If gravity was attractive, they would have formed two small planetoids.  They have not.  Maybe because gravity could be repulsive as well as attractive...

Jets are assumed as debris from the accretion disk.  If the gravitational pull is stronger, it would have destroyed the jets. If from the black hole, the jets must move faster than the speed of light. Rotation of the jets may provide additional gravitational effects...

So there is a need for a new gravitational model...

P.A. Murad

Dear Murad,

Thank you very much for your very useful information.

I think, a theory of gravity need be useful in the sense that, with this theory, we can manipulate and use the gravitational field. For example, we can make gravity of a body be zero or along a certain direction.

I think, I find some of lines as the works I listed in this qeustion. But, in current theory of gravity, this problem is regardless of. It is becoming a theory of pure mathematics which cannot be used to solve any physical problem

Dear Henk Smid,

Thank you for your questions.

I think, two problems are important: First, a theory of gravity need be valid to know the gravity on or near the Earth, but not only to know that in very distant place as the gravitational wave detected by LIGO. Second, this theory  can be performed and tested in lab.

Bst wishes.

Yin

Dear Profs. Zhu, Smid, Murad,

                                                      From our limited String Theoretic Econophysical understanding it has to be the case that both gravitons and phonons are group homologous in that they both cannot have mass but energy and have to be correlated with the magnetism property of  the Earth, which property other heavenly bodies would posess if they had the appropriate materials science to go with them, hence from something similar to vacuum potential ideas (which we have analysed as blasting "Nobel potential" in our research (communicated to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences) and also carried out under the auspices of the All India Council of Technical Education, Econometric Society and Royal Economic Society) and published in Journal of Physics A and European Journal of Physics and European Journal of Physics and Nature implicitly, (please see my researchgate site)) it can be deduced mathematical statistically using Dbranes String String Differentiation using genetic quality and arrow of time postulate (as factorisation potential Yang Mills Mass Gap existent solution) that information particles, gravitons and the quantum mechanical field solving for systems integration in this case termed as physical-chemical analytical technology (mainly by Sandipan Mallick) are group homologous. I hope this can answer the debate to some extent. Thanks.

SKM, NH, SM

To add to what has been discussed already the potential may be confusing so let me mention that in the experimental applications setup of ours the quantum mechanics in the end is observable in AGN Networks with meanfields of information-energy ref. cybernetic string matching genetic algorithmic fields.

SKM,NH,SM

Soumitra:

I am only a minor entity that involves in these subjects.  If I may, a general item to write in English is that a sentence should in the average have about 17 words. You have a sentence that is a paragraph and it makes it extremely difficult to understand what you are saying. If there is no communications, then you should not expect an intelligible response...

P.A. Murad

I think, the dark matter is only a wrong conjecture. It was presented from the galaxy rotation curve. First, the galaxy rotation curve cannot be explained with the dark matter. Second, the last observation showed that the acceleration observed in rotation curves tightly correlates with the gravitational acceleration expected from the visible mass only. Please see:

McGaugh Stacy., Lelli F., Schombert J., The Radial Acceleration Relation in Rotationally Supported Galaxies, Phys. Rev. Lett., 117(20), 201101 (2016). arXiv:1609.05917

Yin:

With the Pioneers going past Saturn and finding that gravity becomes a constant value, yes the notion of dark matter is only a conjecture. We just do not have an adequate gravity model which we used only based upon in the near-term region. Newton can be really wrong at far distances. NASA used about 12 trajectory corrections on a recently flown spacecraft to Pluto.  If gravity was correct, these corrections should have never occurred...

P.A. Murad

Dear Murad,

I agree that, the theory of gravity need be developed and explored in different ways. It is significant if the dark matter is tested with experiment. While it should make the theory confused to claim that the dark matter is a great "theory". This is not a comment on your work but on the current theory of gravity.

Best wishes.

Yin

Yin:

And go find some dark matter.  When you find it, put it into your hands and tell me what it is?

P.A. Murad

The problem is always approached in a purely theoretical manner, and should be approached in an data-driven manner (look for observed anomalies) and in a more broad minded way: gravity does not stand by itself but is part of a system of dynamics. The problem with our present model of dynamics (gravity & inertia), is that there are many observations that falsify it but this is being ignored (eg: galaxy & cluster rotation, variations in torsion balance measurements of G..). Quantised inertia solves the galaxy rotation problem simply and may solve the others: http://physicsfromtheedge.blogspot.co.uk/2016/10/a-test-using-redshift_30.html

Mike:

My argument is that we only know near the Earth.  We have no idea what goes on in the far-reach.  Thus, we should keep an open mind and should expect the unexpentant...

P.A. Murad

I understand, but I don't believe it is so unexpected. There are many anomalies already observed both in the far-reach and on Earth that are being brushed under the carpet by dark matter and other fudges. These anomalies show the way.

Dear Panelists,

                             Isn't it the case that our observed DBranes String Theory (Mallick, Hamburger, Mallick (2016)) solution of Millenium problem #1(wrongly mentioned as #3, corrigendum added) on this site, tell us that the YangMaills Mass Gap we have calculated (see also Mallick (2015)) on this site that String theory has Newtonian calculus properties in AGNNetworks at least, universally, with general relativistic normalisede motion and rest, therefore isn't it the case that there is an integrated systems quantum mechanics which can use gravity to derive uniform closure properies of group homology which we have derived as "jump quantum"effect in particles with diameter-depth ratio fieldratio mechanical fields. Thus "dark matter" or not quantum engineering is possible of course with genetically and gravity factored and integrated systems. (This has been submitted to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and partly to the Millenium Prize committee already as solution to problem #1 in our fields of study). We have also put forward our claim to the prizes for 2016 and 2025. We hope you will be glad to recieve this communication too.

SKM for

NH, SM, SKM

Main problem with current theories on Gravity is that they deal only with empirical effects. They do not give reason, cause, agency or mechanism of action. In addition, they depend on ‘action at a distance through empty space’, which (I think) is the most illogical assumption in physics. However, current theories are useful for most practical purposes.

These can be overcome only with discovery of a suitable medium, made of real entities and that fills entire space outside basic 3D matter-particles. This medium, being made of real entities, would have objective reality and has positive existence in space. Gravitation will be a natural property of this medium due to its structure. Gravitation and gravitational attraction (gravity) are different phenomena. Gravitational attraction is an apparent force produced by resultant of separate gravitational actions on two basic 3D matter-particles.

With respect to this medium there are no functional differences between various fields. Electromagnetic, gravitational or other types of fields are different manifestations of deformations in the medium. Depending on the shape of surface of 3D matter-core of basic 3D matter-particle, gravitational action can be of positive, negative or nil values. Etc. If interested, please check out  ‘MATTER (Re-examined)’   www.matterdoc.info

Nainan:

Then one wonders what field do you believe in? Regarding the points you mentioned, Newtonian gravitation does nothing when rotation is involved. Gyroscopic experiments tend to explain repulsive gravity...

P.A. Murad

P.A. Murad

Thanks. I think, a universal medium, structured by quanta of matter and fills entire space outside basic 3D matter-particles, would produce all types of fields (under various conditions). See a small article at   http://vixra.org/abs/1007.0042.

I also believe in differentiating between gravitation  and gravitational attraction (gravity).

Gyroscopic experiments explain only centrifugal actions, rather than repulsive gravity. See: http://vixra.org/abs/1012.0040

Nainan

Nainan:

If you make such distinctions, they should be the field or gravitation and the anomalies as gravity waves...this being gravity...

P.A. Murad

Dear Prof. Nainan and others in this String,

                                                                             If by gravity you stick to Newtonian concept of "Universal Gravitation" then we have shown using String Theory and Dbranes String Technoogy, which can continuously net out the effects of velocity versus observation of particles in low dimensional stock market networks which are circuited through AGNNetworks with Artificial Satellites and taking low dimensional approximations that M theory cancellation of infinities is possible and we can have Systems Classification and Systems Integration (Mallick (2014, 2015), Mallick, Hamburger, Mallick (2016,2016) ) which gives spacextime integrability of particles and the field with Yang Mills existence and Mass Gap (calibration). I think it is also the case that such AGNN Networks can be outside the realm of Linear Time or Linear space by using set theory or Boolean Fields by simply allowing them to grow in size with instantaneous shocks to the system which are functor category neutral (Mallick, Hamburger, Mallick (2016) Millenium Prize solution) in Copenhagen conception of Quantum Mechanics something we would observe as the light bending property from outside the Universe - a Quantum Universal Gravitation Effect, but that may be considered sacrilege by the profession given that we are essentially using Econophysics experiments. acknowledging Prof. Liu & Stierdadt, and Prof. Zhu's research and that of Kolokyhos, Raichaudhury, Vrtilek, Sullivan, Kantharia, I want to particularly draw upon, given the fact that, both gravitons as well as the Universe has to have the right spin, which we have sim-plified by considering meanfields of spacextime (special relativity with jump quantum Hall Effect of gravity).

SKM

for NH, SM, SKM

Soumitra K Mallick, 

Thanks. Newtonian concept of "Universal Gravitation" deals only with practical application of gravitation. It neither gives a cause nor mechanism of its application. Nor do mathematical analyses, including those related to string theories, concern these phenomena. My suggestions are about logical cause of gravitation and mechanism of its application.

Nainan