The first description of a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase (CHDL), ARI-1 (renamed OXA-23), from a clinical isolate of A. baumannii in Scotland in 1995. But I want to know the present rate of isolation from the environmental samples.
Isn't it found during the Gulf War and first called Iraqibacter?
OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter have been now widely identified in health-care facilities in India. You can find several studies reporting high rate of OXA-23 producing A. baumannii in India. For instance, Karunasagar A et al. (Microbiol Immunol. 2011 Apr;55(4):239-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2011.00313.x.) described a rate of 47% of OXA-23-producing A. baumannii. Even if no clear study about OXA-23-producing A. baumannii in the Indian environment has been performed, we can guess that taking in account the ability of A. baumannii to survive in the environment (Zhang Cet al. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 3;8(6):e64857. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064857.; Girlich D, et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Jan;54(1):578-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00861-09.) a high rate may be expected.
Sincerely
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