Preventive measures may include using pathogen-free seeds produced in drought-prone regions, hot water for seed treatment, soil solarization, and control of plant diseases with germicidal compounds of seeds. Also, crop diseases can be prevented by spraying. Without crop protection, including pesticides, more than half of the world's crops would be lost to insects, diseases and weeds. Pesticides are important. They help farmers grow more food on less land by protecting crops from pests, diseases and weeds as well as raising productivity per hectare. Pest control is indispensable as rodents and pests transmit infections, permeate the kitchen areas and bedrooms, and bite humans as well as pets. There are three basic strategies for biological pest control: classical (importation), where a natural enemy of a pest is introduced in the hope of achieving control; inductive (augmentation), in which large populations of natural enemies are administered for quick pest control; and inoculative (conservation), in biological control, depends upon naturally occurring enemies of the pests.

Natural enemy such as a parasite, predator, or disease organism is introduced into the environment of a pest or, if already present, is encouraged to multiply and become more effective in reducing the number of pest organisms. Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, such as insects, mites, weeds, and plant diseases, using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role. Biological control involves the mass-production and release of natural enemies such as parasitoids and predators to control pest insects in an environmentally sound manner. Radiation is used to increase the applicability, cost-effectiveness and safety of rearing, shipping and deploying such natural enemies. Biological control is the use of living organisms to maintain pest populations below damaging levels. Natural enemies of arthropods fall into three major categories: predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. The biological control method involves the use of the living organisms which act as the predators for the pests and harmful insects. The main advantage of the biological control method in the control of agricultural pests is that they are self-perpetuating.Pest control is used to protect farm crops and forests that are harvested for their wood. Pest control has also contributed to the management of many health-threatening diseases, including plague, encephalitis, yellow fever, malaria, and typhus.

Environmentally sound, Economically feasible control, sustainable development, Hazards-less situation etc are prime and sould take in consideration when we will plant pest control strategy.

Pest control provides protection from harmful insects that can cause public health issues and costly damages to property. When people hear “pest management” or “pest control”, they are typically thinking about the eradication of roaches, a spiders, or fleas. Pests and diseases have continued to affect production of crops and have a serious impact on the economic output of a farm. Farmers need to vary their management methods depending on the crops they grow and the pests or diseases they are susceptible to, since they affect crops differently. Biological control, the use of living organisms to control pests and natural enemy such as a parasite, predator, or disease organism is introduced into the environment of a pest or, if already present, is encouraged to multiply and become more effective in reducing the number of pest organisms. Biological control methods adopted in agricultural pest control are based on the ability of the predator to regulate prey population. Biological control of plant diseases can generate multifaced effects, including natural (e.g., pathogen inhibition, evolution, the third-party epidemics, nutrient supply, plant growth support, and resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses, saving yield and quality and economic.

Integrated Pest Management is important. It includes all suitable methods and techniques of pest control

Pest control is not possible but management below economic injury level is possible. Pests are the organisms which caused the economic damage to the crops, animal and human also. Due the global warming raising the atmosphere temperature and changing the climatic condition, increase the number of pest species and its adaptation to new habit. Increase the chances of invasive pests. Newly invasive insect in India is Fall Army Worm Spodoptera frugiperda, it cause the heavy damage to the maize crop throughout the India, it spread short period of time in all over India.

So management of the pest population below the EIL is must be required for good produce and increase the famer income. For the safe and effective management of pest would be required attention at every step of crop production from land preparation to harvesting and storage.

Firstly Summer ploughing for destroy the inoculum of next season, use disease free seed, seed treatment with suitable pesticides, crop rotation with non host crops, grow border crops, trap crops, weeding, use pheromone traps, light traps, yellow sticky traps, release natural enemies or bio control agents, after all these steps are not able to prevent the pest population go to the last option chemical treatment with the selective and recommended pesticides with dose.

Dear Sunil Kumar Ghosh and Ramkumar Niranjan thanks you for your contribution to the discussion

The use of biological control suppresses the pest populations, making them less damaging than they would be. They play an important role in limiting the densities of potential pest and include natural enemies such as predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. The biological control method involves the use of the living organisms which act as the predators for the pests and harmful insects. The main advantage of the biological control method in the control of agricultural pests is that they are self-perpetuating.Biological control, the use of living organisms to control pests. A natural enemy such as a parasite, predator, or disease organism is introduced into the environment of a pest or, if already present, is encouraged to multiply and become more effective in reducing the number of pest organisms. Biological control is the use of living organisms to suppress pest populations, making them less damaging than they would otherwise be. Natural enemies of insects play an important role in limiting the densities of potential pests. These natural enemies include predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. There are three basic strategies for biological pest control: classical (importation), where a natural enemy of a pest is introduced in the hope of achieving control; inductive (augmentation), in which a large population of natural enemies are administered for quick pest control. Biological control is particularly desirable because the tactic is environmentally safe, energy self-sufficient, cost-effective, sustainable, and can be readily incorporated into integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Biological control is used primarily for controlling pests in crop cultivation. Advantages of biological control are that no artificial substances are added, and that pathogens / animals that develop resistance against biological control agents are rare. The principal attributes of an effective biological control agent are: efficient searching ability, high parasitism or predation rate, high reproductive potential, minimal handling time, ability to survive at low prey densities and ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions.

Answer of Dr. RK Noresh is very appropriate

Pest and diseases cause a lot of loss in yield. As our population is increasing day by day there is a vast need to increase our production too that is disturbed by pests and diseases and hence it is important to manage them.

There are various approaches to manage them and that all comes under integrated approach, among them is biology management that is not only appreciable for the management but is also environmental friendly approach. In this we use biological agents to manage the population of pest and diseases. This could be fungi, bacteria or even some insects like ladybug is used as a biological agent for management of aphids.

Use pest resistant variety.use pheromone traps for controlling pest and apply 5 % of neem oil. if it critical observe the insect while inspecting on morning or evening in field and identify the insect and apply pesticide.

Bioagents like Predators and parasites), microbial agents are used for pest control (Biocontrol). This is ecofriendly.

I agree with Dr Juby Joshy and Dr Sunil Kumar Ghosh that Preventive measures and biological control methods should be preferred for protecting crops because these methods are ecologically safe and these methods do not harm various life forms. The high use of chemicals causes many environmental problems and leads to pollution. The use of biological control suppresses the pest populations, making them less damaging than they would be. They play an important role in limiting the densities of potential pest and include natural enemies such as predators, parasitoids, and pathogens.The biological control method involves the use of the living organisms which act as the predators for the pests and harmful insects. The main advantage of the biological control method in the control of agricultural pests is that they are self-perpetuating. Biological control is a method of plant disease management by inhibiting plant pathogens, improving plant immunity, and/or modifying the environment through the effects of beneficial microorganisms, compounds, or healthy cropping systems. Biological control involves the mass-production and release of natural enemies such as parasitoids and predators to control pest insects in an environmentally sound manner. Radiation is used to increase the applicability, cost-effectiveness and safety of rearing, shipping and deploying such natural enemies.

There are many different applications of biological control, it will be by foliar spray , by manure and etc

To control the rice yellow stem borer we release the Trchogramma wasps in the field.

In nature, there are many predators and parasitoids but if it is spray, they may lost.

We can use the Beauveria bassiana as a biocontrol agent to control the rice pests, FAW and coffee borer in Myanmar.

Dr Khin Thein Nyunt thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Pest control provides protection from harmful insects that can cause public health issues and costly damages to property. When people hear “pest management” or “pest control”, they are typically thinking about the eradication of roaches, a spiders, or fleas. Biological control involves the mass-production and release of natural enemies such as parasitoids and predators to control pest insects in an environmentally sound manner. Radiation is used to increase the applicability, cost-effectiveness and safety of rearing, shipping and deploying such natural enemies. Biological control of potential pest insects can be increased by: 1) conservation of existing natural enemies, 2) introducing new natural enemies and establishing a permanent population, and 3) mass rearing and periodic release of natural enemies, either on a seasonal basis or inundatively.Alongside the use of disease-resistant cultivars, biological control is seen to have an important role in integrated pest management strategies aimed at reducing the use of chemical pesticides. A BCA is an organism or collection of organisms rather than a chemical per se. Biological control is the management of a pest through the use of their natural enemies (biological control agent). A biological control agent is an organism such as a virus, insect or plant disease.