Microbes such as bacteria, molds, and yeasts are employed for the foods production and food ingredients such as production of wine, beer, bakery, and dairy products. Bacteria are important in sewage treatment and the breakdown of oil spills, the production of cheese and yogurt through fermentation, the recovery of gold, palladium, copper and other metals in the mining sector, as well as in biotechnology, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals. Bacteria are also useful in the breakdown of environmental contaminants such as pesticides, petroleum additives and plasticisers. The successful use of bacteria on an industrial scale has prompted expansion into more diverse areas. Microorganisms are used in a fermentation process to make yoghurt, cheese, curd, kefir, ayran, xynogala, and other types of food. Fermentation cultures provide flavor and aroma, and inhibit undesirable organisms. The most significant effect of the microbes on earth is their ability to recycle the primary elements that make up all living systems, especially carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. Primary production involves photosynthetic organisms which take up CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it to organic material. Bacteria need moisture in order to grow. This is why they grow on foods with high moisture content such as chicken. Foods that are dehydrated or freeze-dried can be stored for much longer as the moisture has been removed. The most common usage for bacteria in food preparation is with dairy fermentations.The ancients may not have known exactly what kind of bacteria that was needed or if what was needed was, indeed, bacteria.

Bacteria decompose dead organic matter and releases simple compounds in the soil, which can be taken up by plants. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen and increase the nitrogen content of the soil, which can be readily absorbed by plants. The production of important compounds, bacteria are also useful in the breakdown of environmental contaminants such as pesticides, petroleum additives and plasticisers. The successful use of bacteria on an industrial scale has prompted expansion into more diverse areas. Certain bacteria are used to produce different flavours of tea. Tanning of leather: Tanning of leather is basically brought about by sunlight, but there are a few bacteria which are involved in this process. Microbial approaches can successfully be used for sustainable agricultural development. These microbes can enhance plant growth by improving nutrient availability to crop plants through various mechanisms thus decrease the dependence on chemical approaches. Beneficial microbes such as rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi can help plants to 'deal' with pathogens and herbivorous insects as well as to tolerate abiotic stress. Microorganisms are majorly used for the production of industrial enzymes through the safe gene transfer methods. The first industrially produced microbial enzymes were obtained from the fungal amylase in the year 1896 and were used to cure indigestion and several other digestive disorders. The most significant effect of the microbes on earth is their ability to recycle the primary elements that make up all living systems, especially carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. Primary production involves photosynthetic organisms which take up CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it to organic material. Microorganisms are of great significance to foods for the reasons: microorganisms can cause spoilage of foods, microorganisms are used to manufacture a wide variety of food products, and microbial diseases can be transmitted by foods. Microbial interactions are crucial for a successful establishment and maintenance of a microbial population. These interactions occur by the environmental recognition followed by transference of molecular and genetic information that include many mechanisms and classes of molecules.

Importance of bacteria in industry: Bacteria Directly or indirectly important (Their enzymes, products and by products) in industries, such as textile, fermentation, agriculture, medicine, therapeutics, petroleum and numerous.

In food: Probiotics, probiotics prebiotics and synbiotics, liquor production and so many.

Microbes benefit us in environment: Microbes play key role in environment to is to maintain Biogeochemical cycle. rest of other is pollution degradation pollution control, mineralization, improving Soil fertility, and numerous other benefits.