Exactly what are you targeting for? if you are interested in some sort of catalyst, then definitely suitable particles will be more effective as compare to the original metal catalyst.
I think nanoparticle will increase the thermal performance of the engine as well as decreases the pollution concentration like carbon monoxide, nitric oxide.
Dear Prof Dr Haroun Shahad we are looking for your comments
Around 90% of the literatures reviewed have shown a reduction in exhaust emissions such as unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matters (PM) with the inclusion of metallic and oxygenated additives in the diesel fuel, due to enhanced ignition characteristics, higher oxygen content that resulted in complete combustion.
The impact is on both engine performance and engine emission. We published two papers in The journal of Babylon University for Science and Engineering. I recommend you to these two papers.
This reduction of the brake specific fuel consumption when use nanoparticle blended with diesel fuel may be result of ignition delay is reduced and increased surface to volume ratio all that lead to enhancement evaporation rate and atomization of the blended fuel so that reduced the BSFC. The enhancement in thermal efficiency may be due to increase the colorific value, reduced ignition delay and rising in flame temperature when using blended fuel.