Chemical tillage uses herbicides to control weeds, avoiding the need to till the soil. Zero tillage technique conserves water in the soil profile since the soil is not tilled and exposed to the drying (evaporative) elements of the atmosphere. The moisture is retained within the soil profile.Tillage had a significant effect on soil porosity in the no-traffic samples in the 0–100 mm layer. Deep tillage with no traffic had higher soil porosity (22.72 %) than shallow tillage treatments with no traffic (10.58 %). Conservation tillage decreases soil disturbance and decomposition, leaving surface residue cover that can increase water retention, soil C and N, and potentially crop yield. Conservation tillage practices lead to agricultural sustainability by covering substantial portions (30% or more) of planted land with crop residue, which protects against soil erosion by water. This reduces the need for water, as well as debris deposition in water. Tillage practices showed positive effects on soil properties and crop yields. After four cropping cycles, the highest OM accumulation, the maximum root mass density (0–15 cm soil depth), and the improved physical and chemical properties were recorded in the conservational tillage practices. Since tillage fractures the soil, it disrupts soil structure, accelerating surface runoff and soil erosion. Conservation tillage can provide environmental benefits, including: Reduced soil erosion improved moisture content in soil. Healthier, more nutrient-enriched soil.Tillage also reduces crop residue, which help cushion the force of pounding raindrops. Without crop residue, soil particles become more easily dislodged, being moved or 'splashed' away.

In agricultural systems, tillage functions as a subsystem that influences crop production mainly through crop establishment, modification of soil structure, incorporation of fertilizer and soil amendments and weed control. Tillage is also used to alleviate both climatic and soil constraints. Conservation tillage practices lead to agricultural sustainability by covering substantial portions of planted land with crop residue, which protects against soil erosion by water. This reduces the need for water, as well as debris deposition in water. Conservation tillage reduces soil erosion, conserves soil moisture, conserves energy, increases soil organic matter content, and consequently, soil quality. However, conservation tillage may compact surface soil horizons and may lead to poor root growth. Minimum tillage is a soil conservation system like strip-till with the goal of minimum soil manipulation necessary for a successful crop production. It is a tillage method that does not turn the soil over, in contrast to intensive tillage, which changes the soil structure using ploughs. It has been observed that subsoiling tillage treatment can effectively break the plow pan of cultivated land soil, improve soil structure and increase soil porosity and water retention capacity. The effect of no-till treatment on soil bulk density is not as obvious as that of ST. Tilling is the practice of aerating the soil to permit moisture and air to permeate, allowing seeds to germinate, encouraging root growth, controlling weed growth, and integrating fertilizers into the soil. Tiling brings up the nutrients present below the soil up so that the plants can get the necessary nutrient easily. it also helps in the removal of weeds and undesirable roots. it breaksdown large pieces of soil into finer particles which helps in better soaking of water in soil and for planting seeds. Conservation tillage improves soil aggregate stability that enhances nutrient retention and reduces soil erosion thereby contributing to soil fertility and mediates air permeability, water infiltration, and nutrient cycling. Deep tillage may improve crop resilience by affecting soil physical properties. Deep tillage led to lower bulk density and increased sugarcane root growth. Crop water availability and crop yield were not affected by deep tillage. Conservation tillage can improve soil physical structure and water storage, protect moisture, and increase crop yield. However, the long-term adoption of a single tillage method may have some adverse effects on soil and ecological environment, although crop yields have increased.

Tillage practices showed positive effects on soil properties and crop yields. After four cropping cycles, the highest OM accumulation, the maximum root mass density and the improved physical and chemical properties were recorded in the conservational tillage practices. Conservation tillage improves soil aggregate stability that enhances nutrient retention and reduces soil erosion thereby contributing to soil fertility and mediates air permeability, water infiltration, and nutrient cycling. Since tillage fractures the soil, it disrupts soil structure, accelerating surface runoff and soil erosion. Tillage also reduces crop residue, which help cushion the force of pounding raindrops. Without crop residue, soil particles become more easily dislodged, being moved or 'splashed' away. Tillage operations generally loosens the soil, decreases soil bulk density and penetration resistance by increasing soil macro porosity. Under these conditions, improvements were also obtained in crop development and yield, especially in very dry years. Physical properties of soil include color, texture, structure, porosity, density, consistence, aggregate stability, and temperature. These properties affect processes such as infiltration, erosion, nutrient cycling, and biologic activity. Tillage has been used to optimize edaphological conditions, such as soil–water and soil–temperature regimes, soil aeration, seed–soil contact, nutrient availability, porosity, pore size distribution, and pest activity. Tillage aims to support seed germination, seedling establishment, and plant growth. Conservation tillage practices lead to agricultural sustainability by covering substantial portions (30% or more) of planted land with crop residue, which protects against soil erosion by water. This reduces the need for water, as well as debris deposition in water. In agricultural systems, tillage functions as a subsystem that influences crop production mainly through crop establishment, modification of soil structure, incorporation of fertilizer and soil amendments , and weed control. Tillage is also used to alleviate both climatic and soil constraints. Conservation tillage cultivates land that uses leftovers from last year's crops to reduce soil erosion and runoff. These can be stalks of corn or any other crop. Farmers use them to cover fields before and after planting a new crop. Conservation agriculture is that type of farming system which help in preventing the loss of arable land while regenerating degraded land. While conservation tillage means tillage practice that build up crop residues on the surface of soil and minimize the impact of water and wind erosion.