Studying specific aspects of the big picture often yields results that the "wide-angle lens" approach fails to uncover. It would seem that a primary area of concern in your search must necessarily be the effect of climate change on specific aspects of the marine environment such as (e.g.) coral reefs. You may have better success in finding useful and detailed information if you concentrate on specific aspects of marine ecosystems such as reefs, estuaries, lagoons, the sea floor, salt marshes and so on. The impact of polar ice melting or freezing upon thermoclines, and the effects of those changes upon thermohaline circulation is an area for search which should yield some helpful data.
That's a big question, you can write a grant proposal to investigate this! My take is the most important effect would be related to acidification of ocean due to CO2 mixing with water forming carbonic acid.
They will probably change themselves and these changes might happen by migration of the species they contain or alternatively by their colonization by new species, eg, changing all the food chain. i think ti mainly depends on how you want to address this question, at the species level, ecosystem composition etc...
Very good question, in relation with the marine environment, the above answers are really complete, I will only add the special attention to the effect of the human (transportation, cities, etc) on the marine pollution, that are really acelerating this changes. Also, I recommend to read the the conclusions of the last week conference- held in Barcelona (Spain), http://www.planetworkshops.org/en/536/presentation , that should be also usefull for this topic.
Best way forward to answer this question is to focus on studying the impact of submarine volcanic eruptions through the switching on of hot seawater. For example the submarine eruption of the El Hierro volcano in the Canary Archipelago from October 2011 to March 2012 documented by Wikipedia (http://bit.ly/IE19El_Hierro). Fish kills is an obvious visual impact but what about the rest of the marine ecosystem?
There are two main impacts on marine ecosystems from climate change: (a) rise of sea surface temperature; and (b) ocean acidification (due to CO2). Both (a) and (b) will impact on marine life. For example, increased in sea surface temperature caused a shift in distribution of fishes toward poles. Warming will likely affect the successful recruitment of marine organisms. In addition, warming may cause more toxic algal blooms (dinoflagellates and diatoms). Dinoflagellates and diatoms produce toxins which can then be accumulated in seafood organisms via the food chain pathways. Calcifying organisms (e.g. pteropods, corals, and molluscs) would be more vulnerable to changes in ocean acidification.