The non-porphyrin N and V complexes in the crude oils form may be primary or secondary. The metal complexes released from kerogen during categenesis and formation of metal-organic complexes represents primary origin, whilst secondary includes the metallic complexes derived via the interaction of oils with sediments or waters during migration, maturation; biodegradation may also affect the concentrations of some trace elements in crude oils. Nickel (Ni) and V occur in oils and bitumen as metallo-porphyrins and non-porphyrin species. Nickel (Ni) and V are usually the most abundant metals with values ranging up to 200 ppm Ni and 2000 ppm V. I'm looking forward to understanding the ideal ratio of V/Ni in the original porphyrin (animals and plant)?

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