one can increase the temperature of transformation but I do not know if one can avoid. This must be some additive which will not aid the phase transformation.
Thank you for the answers! Sunjeev, could you give an example? i am not sure if I fully understand what exactly you mean with something that could form bond on the surface.
Dawei, it is a bit more complicted than this. The ATR temperature depends on particle size and impurities and sometimes could be as high as 1200°C as mentioned in the review that Hariprasad posted above. I am curious to know if it can be shifted even higher than 1200°C by any means.
Thanks, Sanjeev. Can you tell more details? What exactly would it change? how high are the maximum transformation temperatures you observed? I don't really understand how organics can affect phase change happening above 600°C
It is depend on crystallinity of anatase. The crystallinity is higher, the transformation temperature should be higher. The transformation temperature is usually around 700-800 °C.
I probably should emphasize, I am not interested in whatever "usual" values, I am searching for the highest known ART point. Anything below 1000°C is useless.
Generally Anatase-Rutile transition is in between the range of 500-800 oC is recored in many cases but some times this range changes to above 1000oC also. It depends on method of preparation and impruties. Here with the transition temperature from Antase to rutile is recorded as 900-1200oC which can find in the article below.
You may have to make some composite i read one paper stating that the increased ART by making composite of Silica and TiO2 but that also reached to 850 degree only...try to find out highly structured material and thermaly stable materials to incorporate you TiO2 in it and it may help you to enhance its ART temp
Fluorinated TiO2 nanosheets with remarkable thermal stability against phase transition up to 1100C is mentioned in this review(doi:10.3390/catal3020455); however, I did not check the original report(link [77]). In the same review, there is a mention of anatase crystals obtained by oxidation of TiCl4 at 1300C(link [78], I did not check it).
I used MBE to prepare my TiO2 that incorporated with heating system. I reached 650C without any anatase phase taking place!!. this when I used SSTOP substrate (Si/SiO2/TiO2/Pt), where as when I was using SiN substrate its was appearing at 250C!
Thanks Dorian, we actually knew your papers quite well. As I posted this question, we were simply searching for the record high ART to compare our own results with it. If you're curious, please have a look at this paper here
we observed that in vacuum the ART of a constrained 3D shaped thin film could be raised to above 1300 °C. It seems like the tensile stress in the film inhibits the transformation.
Article Enhanced structural and phase stability of titania inverse opals