I was wondering the future direction of new perspectives for Advanced Oxidation Processes(AOPs) treatment of industrial wastewater, especially used for treatment of highly contaminated petroleum refinery or petrochemical effluents, such as electro-Fenton, Fenton, photo-electro-Fenton and ... system.
Any prospective leads and suggestions would be highly appreciated.
Thank you.
Saeed Molaei
In the case of hospital discharges, where the contents must be of nano grams, the use is indicated even if it costs relatively expensive but the obligation to remedy renders the technique valabale
I think that the cost of hydrogen peroxide is prohibitively high. The electrode are too sensitive to poisoning. In total, too costly.
I think many research now it focused in using solar energy to decrease the cost of EF. Now, I think we are in the semi-industrial step.
In EF , we produce Hydrogen peroxide "in situ" , so we don't need to add HP.
The electro-Fenton applicability is limited to a very specific cases.
Can you or someone specify those applicability cases? Even better examples of any full-scale implementations could be provided.
In the case of hospital discharges, where the contents must be of nano grams, the use is indicated even if it costs relatively expensive but the obligation to remedy renders the technique valabale
Dear Saeed
your question is excellent and "to-the-point". As it is the case for many emerging technologies, especially chemicals ones (mostly AOPs and hybrids), real applications are scarce (only Fered-Fenton is applied to the moment at large scale) and limited by mature and well-tested physico-chemical processes (membrane filtration, biological processes, adsorption, etc). As pointed out in our recent Book Chapter (Electro-Fenton Applications in the Water Industry, In: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Electro-Fenton Process: New Trends and Scale-Up, Minghua Zhou, Mehmet A. Oturan, Ignasi Sirés (Ed.), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018), there is ambiguity or skepticism regarding EF adaptation due to the lack of technology certification, the limited large-scale applications or even the small number of demonstrations in realistic operational environments. While patent activity has been rather intensive in pursuing commercialization of the EF technology, there appears to be little progress in licensing and sale of intellectual property. However, there is potential in the EF technology, which may eventually pave the way toward substantial improvements in the water-treatment sector, regarding cost and sustainable process performance.
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