Climate change is evolving as one of the leading environmental problems facing modern world. A serious threat is to the crop sector which is vulnerable to change in temperature and rainfall. Extremes in climate variations are increasing and threaten the security of our livelihoods and assets. Long term changes result in both creating opportunities and threats to crops and farming systems and timing of sowing and genotype selection affecting farm production. Therefore it is important to learn to live with these changes, make use of the opportunities and deal with the threats to prevent losses. This study documented different researcher’s results regarding sowing dates and genotype selection. The results indicated that both sowing dates and genotype has a key role in final crop productivity. The study suggested that sowing dates and genotype selection are to be adjusted according to changing climate to minimize losses.
The impact of agriculture on GHG emissions has become a key issue, specially when considering that natural C and N cycles are influenced by agricultural development.Key words: global warming, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, soil biological processes, soil organic carbon,. The contribution of agricultural soils to CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions depends on the biophysical processes, and the incorporation/ deposition of organic residues in the soil. When discussing GHG emissions from agricultural land, both the principal source of net CO2 emissions in the atmosphere is from erosive and oxidative processes associated agricultural crops.The relevance of N2O to global warming is mainly attributed to two physico- chemical characteristics:( 1 ) N2O is stable and remains in the atmosphere approximately 120 yr, ( 2 ) N2O has a global warming potential (GWP) that is 296 times greater than CO2 in a 100 yr period. When compared in terms of mass, ( CH4 ) has been recently estimated at 23 times that of one molecule of CO2 in a 100 yr period. For further information consult www.bioline.org.br
The intensity of the light affects the transformation of vegetal shoots into violet buds
Or non-seed production
Agriculture and our global food system can influence about one quarter of present global Carbon emissions. In production agriculture the Bosch Haber process is the primary crop Carbon signature. By using organic agriculture techniques the production of Carbon signature can be reduce over one half. In a monoculture industrial Carbon emissions are a few 100 kg C per ha the ability to reduce this from biological based organic agriculture is significant but the big ticket of agriculture and food is focusing on the improvement of soils through carbon sequestration in the form of soil organic matter. The original virgin organic matter contents have shrunk over half by the present day industrial agriculture system. The ability to increase soil organic matter and carbon can add up to a few thousand of Carbon per hectare a magnitude of positive effect above any emission reduction strategy. In agriculture we need to engage both emission reduction and sequestration maximization. In terms of our global effort to address climate change agriculture needs to have much greater priority than it has been given to date.
They say that water is the most prominent greenhouse gas for warming potential. I do not know if water is increasing at the same rhythm as carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases.
The biggest controller of water the most limiting factor for agriculture is the amount of soil organic matter. By increasing the soil organic matter we can improve the efficiency of water use in agriculture and address greenhouse gas elevation. The biggest generator of greenhouse gases in field crops has been the use ammoniated fertilizers. These inputs have a very high carbon foot print acidify the soils and can reduce the soil organic matter. Biological nitrogen fixation can address the need for nitrogen without the huge carbon foot print with less acidification and with the ability to help out with carbon sequestration. Our field crop system focused on legumes is a big key in getting a soil regenerative system that both reduces the carbon footprint but also improves soil sequestration which is the big ticket for improving the carbon budget. When soils are optimized for their soil carbon or organic matter the water and air relations are greatly improved. These improved soils have ability to be more resilient to drought the major food limiting factor.
Climate change is already affecting agriculture, and these impacts are uneven across the globe. Future climate change is likely to negatively affect crop production in countries with low latitudes, while northern latitudes may be positive or negative.
Climate change is also likely to increase the risk of food insecurity for some vulnerable groups, such as the poor. Farm animals are also responsible for the production of greenhouse gases from carbon dioxide and the proportion of methane found in the world, leading to future land fertility and the displacement of native species.
There are benefit for many crop species from elevated carbon dioxide increasing yield potential. Because there are temperature optima which will be exceeded many of those crops will be inhibited. The ability to produce crops under rain fed agriculture is very much a function of well distributed water being not too much or too little. The models predict a higher greenhouse gas content will lead to both higher temperatures and more extreme weather events. Many of these issues can be mitigated if soil resources are improved and made worse if the soil condition deteriorates. The targeting of soil organic resources can work to counteract the evaluated greenhouse gas environment and to mitigate and adapt to its effects. Our agricultural and food systems will need to evolve rapidly to keep pace to climatic change.
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