That’s a difficult question. Among my friends and acquaintances who were able to find math-related jobs, all had degrees in applied math. Considering that most people who apply to grad school tend to major in applied math—because most of them wanted to go into finances—I suspect that the competition among pure math candidates is much less. At the same time, what grad school do you have in mind? For example, to become a math teacher, whether you focus on pure or applied math won’t matter, and business schools will look at other credentials and accomplishments as much as they do at your transcript. If you plan to study math deeper in grad school, then your research interest is more important than specialty. However, I know at least two mathematicians who began teaching math in high school, because they couldn't find jobs in their field. One who found a job as an actuary works longer hours and makes less than a math teacher in New York City.

Undergraduate pure math (pure mathematics) and applied math (applied mathematics) majors are two distinct branches of mathematics that focus on different aspects of the field. Here are the key differences between the two:

1. Focus of Study:

• Pure Math Major: Pure mathematics, often referred to as theoretical or abstract mathematics, is primarily concerned with exploring mathematical concepts and theories for their intrinsic beauty and intellectual appeal. It seeks to understand the fundamental principles and structures of mathematics itself. Pure math majors study topics such as abstract algebra, real analysis, number theory, and topology. The emphasis is on proving theorems and developing mathematical theory.
• Applied Math Major: Applied mathematics, on the other hand, is focused on using mathematical techniques, models, and methods to solve real-world problems across various fields, including physics, engineering, economics, biology, and computer science. Applied math majors learn how to apply mathematical principles to practical situations, often involving numerical simulations, data analysis, and mathematical modeling.

2. Course Content:

• Pure Math Major: Courses in pure mathematics often delve deeply into abstract mathematical concepts. Common topics include group theory, calculus, set theory, complex analysis, and advanced topics like algebraic geometry or functional analysis. The emphasis is on developing mathematical rigor and proof-writing skills.
• Applied Math Major: Applied mathematics courses cover a wide range of topics that can vary depending on the specific program and the application areas of interest. Common subjects include differential equations, mathematical modeling, optimization, numerical analysis, probability, and statistics. The focus is on solving real-world problems using mathematical tools.

3. Career Opportunities:

• Pure Math Major: Graduates with a pure math degree often pursue careers in academia, research, or fields that require strong analytical and problem-solving skills, such as computer science, cryptography, and actuarial science. Pure math majors may also work as mathematicians, statisticians, or data analysts.
• Applied Math Major: Applied math majors are well-suited for careers that involve practical problem-solving and mathematical modeling. They can work in a wide range of industries, including engineering, finance, scientific research, data science, and operations research.

4. Research vs. Application:

• Pure Math Major: The primary goal of pure math research is to advance mathematical knowledge and theory. Pure mathematicians may explore abstract concepts that have no immediate practical applications but contribute to the overall development of mathematics.
• Applied Math Major: Applied mathematicians focus on developing mathematical models and techniques that can be directly applied to real-world problems. Their research often leads to practical solutions and innovations in various fields.

5. Interdisciplinary Nature:

• Pure Math Major: Pure mathematics is a more specialized and self-contained field, with less direct interaction with other disciplines.
• Applied Math Major: Applied mathematics often involves interdisciplinary collaboration, as it is used to address problems in a wide range of fields. Applied mathematicians may work closely with scientists, engineers, economists, and other professionals.

It's important to note that these distinctions are not rigid, and there can be overlap between pure and applied mathematics. Many mathematicians integrate both pure and applied aspects into their work. Additionally, the choice between a pure math or applied math major depends on individual interests and career goals. Some mathematics programs also offer a mix of both pure and applied math courses to provide students with a well-rounded mathematical education.