It is well known that plasma sintering is based on the electrical spark discharge phenomenon for preparing high-density composites at lower temperatures and higher sintering speed. How it differs with the resistance sintering in terms of mechanism, working principles etc.
Please share some related published work also if possible.
Electrical Resistance Sintering (ERS) can produce a quick consolidation of electrical conductive powders by simultaneous application of pressure and electrical current. A model of the process has been developed, which integrates three actions, namely, thermal, mechanical and electrical. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a technique that uses pressure-driven powder consolidation in which a pulsed direct electric current passes through a sample compressed in a graphite matrix. It is also known as field-assisted sintering or pulse electric current sintering.
https://www.intechopen.com/books/sintering-applications/challenges-and-opportunities-for-spark-plasma-sintering-a-key-technology-for-a-new-generation-of-mat
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2017.03.005
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Electrical Resistance Sintering (ERS) can produce a quick consolidation of electrical conductive powders by simultaneous application of pressure and electrical current. A model of the process has been developed, which integrates three actions, namely, thermal, mechanical and electrical. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a technique that uses pressure-driven powder consolidation in which a pulsed direct electric current passes through a sample compressed in a graphite matrix. It is also known as field-assisted sintering or pulse electric current sintering.
https://www.intechopen.com/books/sintering-applications/challenges-and-opportunities-for-spark-plasma-sintering-a-key-technology-for-a-new-generation-of-mat
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2017.03.005
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Basically, they are the same thing. The reason is briefly listed as followed.
Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was initially developed to densify ceramic materials, where a direct or pulsed current goes through a conductive die and/or powder. Typically ceramics have poor electrical conductivity, people thus speculated that plasma and/or sparks might locally be generated at narrow gaps between particles in the porous powder compact, leading to the well-known term SPS. Although no direct observation of plasma or sparks has ever been reported, it still remains today due to historical reasons. The electrical resistance sintering is more like a modern term for the SPS technique. It emphasized the heat generation through resistive Joule heating instead of conduction/convection/radiation involved in conventional hot press sintering. And you will find more in a review paper (link attached). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927796X08000995
Dear Jun,
Both are the same. They use pressures for both process.
Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a novel technique that uses pressure-driven powder consolidation in which a pulsed direct electric current passes through a sample compressed in a graphite matrix. It is also known as field-assisted sintering or pulse electric current sintering. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) or pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) is a sintering technique utilizing uniaxial force and a pulsed (on-off) direct electrical current (DC) under low atmospheric pressure to perform high speed consolidation of the powder.
Advantages of spark plasma sintering:
· Fast sintering process;
· Uniform sintering;
· Low grain growth (nano-grain materials may be prepared);
· Compaction and sintering stages are combined in one operation;
· Binders are not necessary;
· Better purification and activation of the powder particles surfaces;
Electrical Resistance Sintering (ERS) can produce a quick consolidation of electrical conductive powders by simultaneous application of pressure and electrical current. The process integrates three actions, namely, thermal, mechanical and electrical. Commercially pure Ti powder can be consolidated by the electrical resistance sintering (ERS) technique. Electric currents to drive or enhance sintering. Mechanically alloyed Al-5AlN powders can be sintered by the Electrical Resistance Sintering (E.R.S.) technique.
Sintering is effective when the process reduces porosity and enhances properties such as strength, electrical conductivity, translucency and thermal conductivity; yet, in other cases, it may be useful to increase its strength but keep its gas absorbency constant as in filters or catalysts.
Hope it is helpful to you.
Ashish
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