The PDF in the following link provides (Slide 10) gives a nice explanation on the difference between CPS and IoT

http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/redmond/events/asiafacsum2010/presentations/guihai-chen_oct19.pdf

There is no difference. Only difference is in the choice of terms between Europeans and Americans!

The PDF in the following link provides (Slide 10) gives a nice explanation on the difference between CPS and IoT

http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/redmond/events/asiafacsum2010/presentations/guihai-chen_oct19.pdf

In my interpretation, there is a difference between them: IoT is of an infrastructure nature that maintains a hierarchy of communication networks that collects information by sensing, exploring, processing and aggregating, and distributes it in a demand-driven and controlled way. While IoT aims at functional connectivity and relationships in the physical space (among analogue and digital entities), cyber-physical systems create synergy among the entities of the physical and cyber space, by integrating analogue and computational hardware, middleware, and cyberware. The operation control of IoT is typically rooted in the purpose and implementation of the system(s). The highest level operation control of CPS is supposed to come from real life processes that they implement or support (e.g. in the case of a CP greenhouse, it is concurrently derived from the plants and the surrounding environment). In addition to being resilient and adaptive, which are also characteristics of IoT, CPS as a whole or constituents of it may be autonomously evolving and self-replicating.

I would like to add to the answer of Imre Horvath  regarding IoT and CPS, is that IoT is intrinsically an essential part and aspect of CPS and an enabling technology that  helps build the synergy between physical systems and the computation and  communications worlds (domain). 

There is no CPS without IoT, and the implementation of IoT in a physical system will lead to a CPS.

There are different definitios, but as far as the IoT/E systems vs CPS are concerned, CPS is a broader concept of system(s). The fly-by-wire system of an aircarft is a CPS but not an IoT/E system; ditto for (artificial) pacemaker.

Since the examples mentioned may trigger discussion among different individuals, would it be possible to provide a demarcating definition for both cyber-physical systems (excluding social-cyber-physical systems and cyber-physical social systems) and for Internet of Things (excluding socialized Internet of Things and Internet of everything)?

 Well there are may definitions (I can provide a list if needed) often with not insignificant differences- so here I go

At a high-level, for IoT:

In many definitions "IoT" (without getting into the IoT vs internet of everything -IoEargumentation) corresponds to networking and services infrastructure for “things,” but not necessarily in the things themselves; at the same time the consensus among the of market analysis companies is that IoT corresponds to both the networking infrastructure as well as the “things” themselves; in the latter persons/humans are not included/counted.

Personaly I pefer the use of  the term "IoT System"  (as opposed to the "IoT" term which I use for the networking infrastructure which does not have to be 100% IP based) to account for both the networking infrastructure as well as the networked “things” or devices (or people?) - this is consistent with the definitions of ISO/IEC JTC 1.

This is for definitions only without getting into the research topics of the IoT community/ies 

Comments?

The concept of cyber-physical systems (CPS) extends the definition of Internet of Things (IoT) because the networked devices within CPS do not only communicate with one another but also they are autonomous entities and are required to communicate and control one another collaboratively. The internet is the core of IoT but it is only a medium for CPS.

Two points: 

1. The "current" view from US (NSF) is that  Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are engineered systems that are built from, and depend upon, the seamless integration of computational algorithms and physical components. Advances in CPS will enable capability, adaptability, scalability, resiliency, safety, security, and usability that will far exceed the simple embedded systems of today.

Note: Contrary to the European views of CPS, the communication aspects are not explicitely mentioned/included.

2. The previous view presented by Okafor (apologies for spelling :) ) for the existence of  communicating autonomous entities IMHO corresponds to the Cyber Physical System of Systems (CPSoS) 

Based on these, CPS is broader concept than this of the IoT System, with the former having for example "tighter" interactions (having sensing as well as control and actuating functionalities implicitely closer to real-time interactions)  with the physical processes/world, than those of the latter (which in most cases is viewed as a data-centric internet-based system with more relaxed timing requirements).

IoT is a subset of CPS as it provides extensive connectivity between physical assets (e.g. machines or devices) and the cyber where algorithms are being applied and analysis is being done. 

Based on the attached article, connectivity (at the best implementation IoT) serves as the basis for CPS and is the first level to implement CPS in real world.  

Article A Cyber-Physical Systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based...

Yeap Industrie 4.0 refers to CPS not IoT

FWIW IIoT (as per GE) is also a superset of Industrie 4.0 

We may consider in our discussion the growing level of synergy between the physical hardware (both analogue and digital), the digital software (control, middleware, application programs), and the cyberware contents (media, data/info, codified knowledge, concept ontologies, learnt agency). This gives the basis of the attached figure.

Special Issue on “Cyber-physical Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data”

Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) are emerging from the integration of embedded computing devices, smart objects, people and physical environments, which are typically tied by a communication infrastructure. These include systems such as Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Smart Factories, Smart Buildings, Smart Homes and Smart Cars.

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a world-wide network of interconnected heterogeneous objects that are uniquely addressable and are based on standard communication protocols. These include sensors, actuators, smart devices, RFID tags, embedded computers, mobile devices, etc. Beyond such a networking-oriented definition, IoT can be seen as a technology that enables loosely-coupled decentralized systems of cooperating Smart Objects (SOs), i.e. autonomous physical-digital objects, augmented with sensing/actuating, processing, storing and networking capabilities. SOs may act as intelligent agents with some level of autonomy, cooperate with other agents, and exchange information with human users and other computing devices within interconnected CPS.

The large-scale nature of IoT-enabled CPS raises a number of specific challenges ranging from system-level management and control to data analytics. System-level challenges include novel scalable methods for global system control, effective development of large-scale management platforms, well-defined control interfaces for IoT technologies and various IoT standards. Data related challenges include effective data collection, cleaning and storage, data latency and real-time analytics. IoT and mobility are driving more data into enterprises and Big Data Analytics has become an essential component for extracting value from data.

The design of Cyber-physical Systems and the implementation of their applications need to rely on IoT-enabled architectures, protocols and APIs that facilitate collecting, managing and processing large data sets, and support complex processes to manage and control such systems at different scales, from local to global. The large-scale nature of IoT-based CPS can be effectively and efficiently supported and assisted by Cloud Computing infrastructures and platforms, which can provide flexible computational power, resource virtualization and high-capacity storage for data streams and can ensure safety, security and privacy.

The integration of networked devices, people and physical systems is providing such a tantalizing vision of future possibilities that IoT is expected to become a vibrant part of the digital business landscape.

The goal of this special issue is to unveil and address the challenges associated to Cloud-assisted, IoT-based, large-scale Cyber-physical Systems. Submissions should present novel methods, algorithms, architectures, protocols, technologies for effectively developing, deploying and managing large-scale cyber-physical systems, platforms and applications. Contributions are also welcome to provide insights and solutions to real-time Big Data Analytics, process management and recent applications in large-scale IoT/CPS contexts, such as manufacturing, supply chain management, transportation, environment monitoring, energy management and healthcare. Suggested topics include, but are not limited to the following.

Theoretical foundations of controlling/managing/monitoring of Cloud-assisted, IoT-based, large-scale Cyber-physical Systems.

System design methodologies for Cloud-assisted, IoT-based, large-scale Cyber-physical Systems.

Software platforms for managing of Cloud-assisted, IoT-based, large-scale Cyber-physical Systems.

Cyber security in Cloud-assisted, IoT-based, large-scale Cyber-physical Systems.

Validation of Cloud-assisted, IoT-based, large-scale Cyber-physical Systems.

Big Data Analytics for Cloud-assisted, IoT-based, large-scale Cyber-physical Systems.

Sensor network protocols for Cloud-assisted, IoT-based, large-scale Cyber-physical Systems.

Cloud-assisted, IoT-based, large-scale cyber-physical applications to automotive, manufacturing, supply chain management, transportation & logistics, energy & environment, and healthcare.

http://www.journals.elsevier.com/future-generation-computer-systems/call-for-papers/special-issue-on-cyber-physical-systems-cps-internet-of-thin/

Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) are emerging from the integration of embedded computing devices, smart objects, people and physical environments, which are typically tied to a communication infrastructure.

These include systems such as Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Smart Factories, Smart Buildings, Smart Homes and Smart Cars.

While the Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a world-wide network of interconnected heterogeneous objects that are uniquely addressable and are based on standard communication protocols.

These include sensors, actuators, smart devices, RFID tags, embedded computers, mobile devices, etc. Beyond such a networking-oriented definition, IoT can be seen as a technology that enables loosely-coupled decentralized systems of cooperating Smart Objects (SOs).

CPS (for harmonious interactions)

C1...C2......Cn----->Cyber world

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P1...P2........Pn---->Physical world

IoT (for ubiquitous computing)

Cyber world: C= C1vC2....v Cn

Physical world: P= P1vP2....v Pn

|-->connected links