I want to synthesis hydroxyapatite with different oxides for certain studies, but the stoichiometric ratio of HAP must 1.67 ratios. That means how I will identify Whether it is doped oxides or substitute oxides without a change in a stoichiometric ratio of hydroxyapatite.
My understanding of doping comes from NP transistors, where boron or phosphate is non homogeneously dispributed. My understanding of substitution comes from metal alloys, where one metal atom is able to take the place of another without changing the crystal structure.
I suggest evaluating your materials for piezoelectric effects if your dopants are charged, and with x-ray crystallography if you suspect a change in the crystal structure.
Doping is addition of any extra atoms/molecules.
Substitution is an already present atom/molecule is removed to certain extent and then replaced by another atom/molecule.
You can get an idea whether doping or substitution by analysing using xray diffraction spectroscopy, EDS analysis using SEM, and ICPES analysis. FT-IR too can give you an rough idea.
Doping is simply adding something foreign material in a very small quantity, and substitution is a replacement by a chemical process.
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