Nanoparticle characterization is done by using different techniques, mainly drawn from materials science:
· Surface area and porosity
· Solubility
· Particle size distribution
· Aggregation
· Hydrated surface analysis
· Zeta potential
· Wettability
· Adsorption potential
· Shape and size of interactive surface
There is not a method that can be selected that is the “best” method but rather a method is chosen to balance the restriction of the type of sample, the information required, time constraints and the cost of the analysis.
See references:
http://www.rsc.org/images/characterisation-nanoparticles-technical-brief-48_tcm18-214815.pdf
http://nanoparticles.org/pdf/Scalf-West.pdf
We can differentiate among types of nanoparticles by a set of techniques:
SEM and TEM (size and morphology )
EDs(mapping of elemental dispersion)
XRD (crystal structure, crystallite size..)
TGA/DSC(thermal properties )
Z-potential(surface charge of dispersed particles in liquids)
AFM(Spread on a substrate, thickness and roughness of surface)
UV-VIS and PL spectroscopy(optical properties)
BET,BJH(surface area, pore size and volume)
Raman spectroscopy(disorder in crystal structure )
FTIR spectroscopy(detection of functional groups )
XPS (determine the location and ascription groups)
The difference between them depending on the materials of properties such as the size example .. Tio2 , Zno, CNTS
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