What will be the output if I have 2 optical signals with same frequency and same power (say 1 W) at the input of a power combiner and a 2x1 optical coupler ?
Types of fiber optic couplers include optical splitters, optical combiners, X couplers, etc. In your case (for same frequencies of signals) they will be equivalent. But it strongly depend on the what frequencies coupler was designed for.
Combiner combines the whole input powers coming at its input ports while in coupler, coupling coefficient decides how much fraction of power will combine.