AC ionic conductivity and DC polarization method of lithium ion transport in PMM–LiBF4 gel polymer electrolytes
Electrical conductivity and transference number measurements were carried out to investigate conductivity and charge transport in the gel polymer electrolytes.
The conductivity–frequency dependence also show in this paper.
DC conductivity can be measured on flat sheet samples, similar to that used for AC conductivity tests. The only difference is that instead of alternating voltage you should use a step voltage on the order of few Volts (depending on the conductivity up to 100 Volts) and measure the transient current (usually the voltage is measured on a resistance much smaller than the sample resistance) for a long time. It usually changes several orders of magnitude, therefore it is advisable using logarithmic amplifier. The long time limiting value is the DC conductivity. the DC conductivity is usually much smaller than the AC conductivity but the electrode polarization can be huge. It is advisable to perform broadband dielectric spectroscopy and to determine the low frequency limit and to analyze the Cole-Cole plot for electrode polarization.