Explain explicitly the correlation between childhood trauma and adult's depression?
Stephen I. Ternyik
- Childhood trauma influences brain development, stress regulation, thought patterns, and social functioning, all of which contribute to a heightened vulnerability to depression later in life. The relationship is complex and mediated by biological, psychological, and social pathways, but the evidence clearly shows a significant positive correlation between childhood trauma and adult depression. Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that individuals with a history of childhood trauma are significantly more likely to experience depression in adulthood. Meta-analyses report that childhood abuse and neglect are among the strongest predictors of adult depression, with odds ratios often indicating a 2-4 fold increased risk.
- Childhood trauma significantly increases the risk of developing depression in adulthood through biological, psychological, and social pathways. These include changes in brain structure and function, dysregulation of stress hormones, neurotransmitter alterations, and maladaptive cognitive patterns. Understanding this correlation underscores the importance of early intervention and trauma-informed care to mitigate long-term mental health consequences.
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- Ref/.
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- Carr CP, Martins CM, Stingel AM, Lemgruber VB, Juruena MF. The role of early life stress in adult psychiatric disorders: a systematic review according to childhood trauma subtypes. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2013 Dec;201(12):1007-20. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000049. PMID: 24284634.
- Cross D, Fani N, Powers A, Bradley B. Neurobiological Development in the Context of Childhood Trauma. Clin Psychol (New York). 2017 Jun;24(2):111-124. doi: 10.1111/cpsp.12198. Epub 2017 May 20. PMID: 30906116; PMCID: PMC6428430.
- Ho JMC, Chan ASW, Luk CY, Tang PMK. Book Review: The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma. Front Psychol. 2021 Aug 18;12:704974. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.704974. PMCID: PMC8418154.
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