The “cognitive reserve” refers to the ability to flexibly and efficiently use the available cerebral reserve, to perform a task. This notion implies that the brain tries to actively cope with the damage to maintain its performance by increased recruitment of pre-existing functional networks or by recruiting new networks and compensatory strategies. Two neural implementations of the cognitive reserve have been proposed: the neural reserve which refers to the optimized use of networks already in place, and the neural compensation that refers to the use of alternative strategies and networks, generally unused in the normal condition, in order to counteract the effects of cerebral damage. Bartrès-Faz and Arenaza-Urquijo (2011) hypothesized that the exposure to a protective and stimulating environment associated with genetic predispositions may confer increased plasticity potential, both in terms of reserve and neural compensation. Innate cognitive potential, occupational status or the education level may be indirect measures, most frequently exploited in experimental studies of the concept of reserve. A beneficial effect of engagement in stimulating leisure activities has also been found in both epidemiological and experimental studies. These activities - cognitive, physical and/or social- interact reciprocally with the maintenance of cognitive efficiency in aging. Dietary and nutritional status is another factor influencing cognitive reserve. The adoption of the Mediterranean diet has recognized protective effects against cardiovascular diseases which themselves constitute a risk factor for cognitive decline. In addition, negative stereotypes about aging, stress - could play a role in the development of pathological aging. Several studies have shown that negative perceptions of one's own aging lead to a lower sense of self-efficacy and therefore to a greater deterioration of cognitive functions. Similarly, the feeling of loneliness, poor social contact, are associated with lower cognitive performance in older adults. The frequent practice of social leisure activities would reduce the cognitive decline in aging and impart a social role to self-esteem.

personality conflict has to do with who the person is to others while ego is a display of you personalty and relevance,

Both are not good qualities to possess.

Diama,

Thank you for your perspective on cognitive reserve.

Dennis

Dennis Mazur

The “cognitive reserve” refers to the ability to flexibly and efficiently use the available cerebral reserve, to perform a task. This notion implies that the brain tries to actively cope with the damage to maintain its performance by increased recruitment of pre-existing functional networks or by recruiting new networks and compensatory strategies. Two neural implementations of the cognitive reserve have been proposed: the neural reserve which refers to the optimized use of networks already in place, and the neural compensation that refers to the use of alternative strategies and networks, generally unused in the normal condition, in order to counteract the effects of cerebral damage. Bartrès-Faz and Arenaza-Urquijo (2011) hypothesized that the exposure to a protective and stimulating environment associated with genetic predispositions may confer increased plasticity potential, both in terms of reserve and neural compensation. Innate cognitive potential, occupational status or the education level may be indirect measures, most frequently exploited in experimental studies of the concept of reserve. A beneficial effect of engagement in stimulating leisure activities has also been found in both epidemiological and experimental studies. These activities - cognitive, physical and/or social- interact reciprocally with the maintenance of cognitive efficiency in aging. Dietary and nutritional status is another factor influencing cognitive reserve. The adoption of the Mediterranean diet has recognized protective effects against cardiovascular diseases which themselves constitute a risk factor for cognitive decline. In addition, negative stereotypes about aging, stress - could play a role in the development of pathological aging. Several studies have shown that negative perceptions of one's own aging lead to a lower sense of self-efficacy and therefore to a greater deterioration of cognitive functions. Similarly, the feeling of loneliness, poor social contact, are associated with lower cognitive performance in older adults. The frequent practice of social leisure activities would reduce the cognitive decline in aging and impart a social role to self-esteem.