To this day, cladograms are assumed as mathematical postulates that explain the evolution of living beings. So far it is said that the least speculative reasoning, which is assumed as an axiom. I write a book and I need to explain this concrete demonstrations, as is done in physics
Cladogram is a branching diagram used in cladistics to illustrate speciation and the relationships between species by showing the development and divergence of clades.
Another definition of cladogram is the following:is a tree-like diagram showing evolutionary relationships. Any two branch tips sharing the same immediate node are most closely related. All taxa that can be traced directly to one node (that is they are 'upstream of a node') are said to be members of a monophyletic group.
Here I leave you a book that deals with Discrete Structures. Chapter 6 can be a great help
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