By doing frequency-dependent Impedance Spectroscopy, you can get AC conductivity. By using the Jonscher power law model, you can fit your conductivity curve, which will give you DC conductivity. By performing the Arrhenius plot, you can find the activation energy.

The electrical conductivity of polyaniline salt (ES) nanoparticles can be calculated using DC conductivity measurements by Ohmic Al electrodes at temperatures ranging from 303-423 K. Electrical characteristic study by using the two-probe manner, the samples had ohmic plots in which high linear coefficients.

FT-IR spectra can be used to determine the conductivity level and measuring methods of polyaniline emeraldine salt (PANI-ES) samples, the changes taking place were follow-up by the following measurements: FESEM, FT-IR, I-V character.

Field scanning electron microscopy revealed significant differences among the samples in terms of morphology. Morphology of polymer polyaniline by FESEM analyzing showed that the particle size of polymer is inside the micro-scale with the existence of acid. The activation energy of doped polymer PANi-ES has been deduced using the expression Arrhenius Equation, (Ea) is the energy level that the reactant molecules must overcome before an interaction can happen.

The electrical conductivity of polyaniline salt (ES) nanoparticles is measured by the molar ratio of DBSA to aniline. In an acid solution as DBSA under the influence of irradiation, the product will be in an Emeraldine Salt (ES) form of PANI, which pushes the reaction forward, with the presence of DBSA in the feed this could cause over oxidized which leads to form PANI nanoparticles in its Emeraldine Salt (ES) form, which is the conductive form of PANI.

Ali F. Al-Shawabkeh Thank you for this information and apologize for the delay in responding.

Partha Halder Thank you for this information and apologize for the delay in responding.