Impacts may be on scientific knowledge, societal outcomes, workforce outcomes, economic growth, etc.
Good one! There are different ways and to get to know some of them you may wish to see the following:
http://www.maria-nedeva.com/eurecia/wp-content/upLoads/2009/10/eurecia_final_synthesis_report.pdf
Social impact can also be measured on various dimensions such as the impact on health, education and community development. See the following paper for more:
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=17086371&show=abstract
Dear Marianne,
This is an interesting and complex question. I think that first of all the impact is on the scientific knowledge. More you invest more you develop. So, the scientific impact should be with the gratest influence on the measuring methods. No doubt there are several following beneficiaries including also industry, workforce outcomes, social sphere and so on. But the impact on the economic growth comes after years and I think there is not uniform method to measure all aspects at ones.
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