Target the life cycle of vectors (oviposition stage) from where, the killers' journey starts. In my opinion "Lure and Kill" of the gravid females of vectors is the best.

However, we can not ignore the limitations.

Theory predicts that the best and most economical time to kill a vector is just before it's ready to infect you. This is because of the >99% natural mortality in the vectors life cycle. It also prevents infection, unlike oviposition traps.This may account for the high efficacy of insecticide treated bednets for malaria. However, chemical adulticides are not well accepted by many people, and we have found in our programs that larvicides placed in dominant breeding sites can effectively suppress the overall vector population size, and help limit arbovirus transmission in the USA. For snail hosts of fluke diseases, transmission usually peaks when snail numbers peak, typically at the end of a rainy season. This is considered the best time to apply molluscicides. Ultimately, you need to know the habits and seasonality of the vector, and try to prevent their proliferation, infection, and/or transmission behavior.

From zoonotic point of view, in tick- borne relapsing fever it is prefer to kill tick vector of infection before destruction of rodent as reservoir of infection.Because if you firstly killed rodent the vector well escape from dead rodent and search for other host for feeding and spread the infection.So, the weakest point in life cycle is the arthropod vector controlled by applying insecticide.

I always believe interface between vector and the host is the "weakest point" that can be targeted. Development of transmisison-blocking vaccine is an ideal strategy to target "vector" or "pathogen" or "both" that subsequently affect transmission of pathogens to the host.

I think we should also target changes in host behavior with emphasis towards cleaner environment, and self protection against the vectors.

Vaccine development against all Den virus types is long overdue

I think we should also design control measures to break the connection between the vector and the host by isolation of cases or carriers,destruction of animal reservoirs and treatment that reduces or eliminates the infected host.

Generally speaking is really difficult to give an answer, because is really different if we think about a mosquitoes borne diseases or a phlebotomus borne disease or a tick borne diseases etc etc. And regarding hosts is really different if we speak about diseases with a wild animal reservoir (such as birds for west nile or usutu) or diseases transmitted between human through vectors directly.

If you observe the active circulation and trasmission of the diseases you are pretty sure that on the territory are present the vector (the wild host if necessary) and human/animal population. The presence of the vectors without the presence of the virus is frequently, think about hyalomma ticks and CCHF, the ticks are present in many part of south mediterranian areas and the wild animals reservoirs are also present, but the diseases is absent.

The species of vector are also important, thinking about Aedes albopictus (tiger mosquitoes) and control strategies are diametrically different from thinking about Culex pipiens mosquitoes and possible controlo strategies.

So in general I'm agree with Dr. Charles King, but many different points have to be considered regarding vector borne diseases and a strategy that can work well in some diseases and some areas could not be effective in different areas and against different diseases.

Dear Ahmed

Depend on country decisions many way suggested to vector born diseases:

1. enhanced public knowledge about this diseases

2. use of anti insect agent such as cream, powder, tablets and so on

3. check the cycle of insect that can be transmitted this diseases and inhibit their cycles

4. use proflaxy for travelers

I think vector borne diseases are best controlled by targeting the vector. In my opinion, if the control is targeted at males in the given vector population then much impact will be felt. This same reasoning is the one applied in controlling tsetse flies using sterile insect technique (SIT) where the males are sterilized and then released to mate with female flies- Owing to the unique biology of the Glossina where female flies are mated once in their lifetime, this is a technique has great promise in this regard. In case of Anaplasmosis, the Boophilus male tick is suspected to move from one host to the other in such of females and therefore any control strategy targeted at suppressing the male Boophilus ticks could be effective. However, tickn´borne diseases especially those involving two or three host ticks are tricky to know where exactly to effect a control strategy for the vector since the miniature ticks can also spread the diseases. In summary, controlling the vector is the s´most sustainable method in the management of vector borne diseases. Veterinarians and even medical practittioners also need to be alive to the fact that their intervention can also be responsible for spreading infection from one host to the other especially if same syringes or needles are used!!

It is as far as to me presented, transmissible infections by their nature fill the specific niche in the biocenotic system of the specific region. The task lies in the fact that spying, for which system (reservoir-carrier- host) is created with nature and what value these infections have in the evolutionary plan for the man. At present the basic researches are necessary in this plan.

To thus far there remains only influence all three components for maximum reduction in the morbidity from these infections.

Very very simple.CLEAN environment is the key.Better CIVIC SENSE is another key.So it all starts by not only preaching but to practice.

We want clean air and soil free from arthropod

I think the remaining impact of pesticide use to adult insects, as well as the environmental manipulation, which is making it unsuitable for the presence and breeding of vectors are of the most important activities to combat insect vector-borne diseases. It is always best to be an integrated response to kill the larvae and adult insects with case and reservoir of diseases control.

The weakest point and the most important in the prevention of vector born parasites/ pathogen is the point of transmission. For Example, the malaria parasite can be controlled by nibbling the parasite in the gut of the mosquitoe.That is, one should target the sporozoites in the gut. On the other hand, Ability of vector to recognize host can also be reduced if not completely prevented using repellants.Once this point is taken care of , individuals already infected can be treated and transmission cycle broken. This approach i believe will also work for other vector borne parasites.

In my opinion, i think the integrated pest control approach is the best. Beside controlling larvae and adult population, source reduction should also taken into consideration. This will ensure, vector population is below the threshold in a sustainable manner.

Usually we talk about integrated control which means to use all resources (technical and social structures) to establish barriers between the vector and the human hosts. We need to classify our vectors in dose breeding in domestic/peridomestic areas and those who breed in natural/wilderness areas. For those that are peridomestic there is a broader menu of options: source reduction (of breeding sites), improvement of the human dwelling to establish barriers between vector and host, the use of repellents and the traditional larvicides.adulticides. Natural/wilderness areas vectors required more effort for avoiding damage to the environment and other species but biochemical products seems to work well reducing populations of some species like Anopheles (albimanus, darlingii and others) actives in malaria transmission. THese are just examples, but sustainable control require an engagement of social groups to go from transientr control to permanent/sustainable control.

Well, I think there are several main options :

1- We should control vectors only,

2- Weshould control resorvoir of the vectors,

2- We should controls vector-borne pathogens only,

3- We should control both the vectors and vector-borne pathogens by using novel innovative solutions.

The regulatory agencies should support and closely follow these innovative control strategies such as design and use of safe insecticides, sterile insects, immunocontraceptives (for vectors and reservoirs), novel safe and effective vaccines, protective antipathogen antibodies (natural, recombinant or humanized).

if there are no vectors then there is no transmission. If vector populations are significantly reduced then transmission will be significantly reduced. Just remember, it is almost impossible to eradicate most biological organisms

Reading the question, I cannot help responding that it depends entirely on the disease you are concerned with.  Malaria needs to tacked by eliminating the parasitic reservioir (human cases), the insect vector (anophelene mosquito), and the environment in which the vector breeds (standing water).  But the answer is different in the case of Plague, Lyme disease, various forms of filariasis, Loa-loa, Chagas', Ricketsialpox, West Nile, St. Louis Encephalitis, and several dozen other vector-borne conditions.  Each has to be studied and the links evaluated for effective and efficient control action.  Don't look for a common route; they are all different.    

Designing and using safe insecticides; novel, safe as well as effective vaccines; protective antipathogen antibodies (natural, recombinant or humanized) all contribute towards eradication of vectors as well as vector-borne pathogens. 

Have a control on Global warming along with public awareness and strategies to prevent and control them effectively nay be via treatment\, vaccinations or preventive principles  

I also think control and prevention of the vector borne disease are disease specific and measures to prevent vector borne diseases should  address the sociocultural and epidemiological characteristics of a particular setting. Therefore we must take into consideration of each disease with identification of weak points in each setting. 

Of course.  "Broad strokes" solutions are decidedly unhelpful.  Climate change cannot be reversed at this stage.  To "eliminate the reservoir" in the instance of bubonic plague, means eliminating vast colonies of ground-living and burrowing rodents around the globe;  in the case of malaria, the reservoir is the human population who are already infected with the malaria parasite.  I'm sure Ethics Review Committees would be reluctant to approve.

You must define the vectosr of diseases firstly, then begining to control the mature and immature stages by sfe insecticides as plant extracts ,or phermones for adult stages

Prevention and eliminating vectors by various strategies - vaccination, repellents, drugs, controlling, checking spread and awareness, medical facilities  

Targetting the vector population is often an obvious, affordable approach that may have more than temporary impact dependig on coverage, specific treatment etc. But we also need to consider that like the pathogen, a vector organism such as an insect can often evolve more rapidly than the main host and become resistan to treatment. So the answer depends on the system and the aim of the control programme, including timescale and number of alternative treatments. Even when vector control is not an effective option, it is sometimes useful to monitor pathogen prevalence in the vector population.

Vector control is of prime importance and that will depend on the temperature, humidity and other environmental factors. The global warming is leading to the change in habitats and is becoming a major challenge as newer areas are under threat of being affected. Public awareness and general hygeine are also other important factors in addition to the pathogen control by other methods. The integrated pest management approach may be tried for vector control without chemicals.

I totally agree with Dr. Paolo Bonilauri; he couldn't say it better.

Dear Friends

Human host is the weakest link in the cycle. Human knows the patho-physiology of the disease and is in control of the environment and the vectors. If human does not have adequate strategy to contain the menace he is then put at the mercy of the disease. Modern technology can even predict where and when  the next outbreak is going to happen but predicting is not good enough. One must plan and take actions to stop the outbreak and the cycle. Any let up in the control program and lack of support for it will perpetuate the problems.. 

may be useful to look at this paper:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320912035_Effective_of_Detergents_of_some_species_of_Lice_and_House_insects