Dear Abdullah Bawazir ,

The control parameters are the flow rate FR of the fluid from the tank to the solar collector and reverse. The other parameter is temperature of the outlet temperature from the fluid say Tout and the temperature of the storage tank.

You can use the on -off control in the sense you adjust the RF at a specific suitable value and only keep the temperature of the tank by making the pump on and off.

The procedure may be as follows:

Fill the tank with the water to the intended level

Measure the tank temperature at the point of its out take say Tout tank

On the pump and measure the T out of the collector Tout collector.

If Tout collector is greater than T out tank and both are smaller than 80 degrees let the fluid continue flowing till the temperature in the tank reaches 80 degrees.

Then make the pump off. If Tout tank smaller 80 then repeat the above procedure.

If Tout collector is smaller than Tout tank then stop the pump as this and indication of absence of the sun.

You can review this algorithm and elaborate on it.

Best wishes

Dear Abdullah Bawazir,

Thanks for asking

I think that has to do with the size of the tank, where to place the temperature sensor, the curve of the energy consumption from the tank, the intensity of solar radiation and ....

best wishes

I agree with the researcher's answer Abdelhalim abdelnaby Zekry