Hi Everyone.
As you probably know that one item that is involving during injection of low salinity water flooding into Carbonate reservoirs, is the presence of Anhydrite. Austa et. al published a paper “Conditions for a Low-Salinity Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Effect in Carbonate Oil Reservoirs”
On their paper, they mentioned that “The dissolution of anhydrite increases as the temperature decreases. Sulfate is a catalyst for the wettability alteration process, and it is important to have a maximum concentration of sulfate dissolved in the brine.”
On the other hand, further studies by Awolayoetal.(2014) suggested that smart water with four times sulfate concentrations might be the optimum sulfate concentration.
Based on all aforementioned papers, I like to ask following questions:
1- Is there any other limitation or valuable range for anhydrate concentration during Low Salinity water injection for Carbanete reservoirs? Generally speaking, what is role of anhydrate for LSW of carbonate reservoirs?
2- As I went over the literature, I noticed that there are two kinds of chromatography for evaluating ions concentrations. These instruments are “ICS 3000” and “LA ICP-MS”. Are there any other types of instruments for counting ion concentration? Does anybody know more information about that?
3- Finally, I have seen that some authors illustrate profile of the ion concentration vs P.V injection. How can I generate such graphs? Are they analysis produced water after each pore volume injection? what is the procedure of generating those plots?
Thanks,
Alireza.
well I'm not in your field. bit my one class in petroleum engineering involved modeling the reservoir as dimensionless. therefore pore volumes injected is really just flow rate used to measure time. for ion concentration we would use the error function to model diffusion effects. I am unable to type the math on my phone but check out multicomponent flow modeling, not sure it you're referencing multiphase flow as well but that is a little more complex. We used Buckley leverett method of modeling injection of water to displace oil. similar concepts in terms of dimensionless dimensions, ie pore volumes injected (an arbitrary number) replaces time.
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