-by-products formation
-water re-use (recirculation) in the process
Regards
G
Muhammad Afzal:
H. Zabed is absolutely right.
Conversions of lignocelullosic materials are carried out treating the former by an acid hydrolysis [ Vela´squez-Arredondo HI, Ruiz-Colorado AA, De Oliveira Jr S. Ethanol production process from banana fruit and its lignocellulosic residues: energy analysis. Energy 2010;35: 3081-7. ] and the latter by an enzymatic hydrolysis, after basic or acid pretreatment as performed with other precursors [ Quintero JA, Montoya MI, Sa´nchez OJ, Giraldo OH, Cardona CA. Fuel ethanol production from sugarcane and corn: comparative analysis for a Colombian case. Energy 2008;33:385-99; Sun Y, Cheng J. Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review. Bioresour Technol 2002;83: 1-11; Kumar P, Barrett DM, Delwiche MJ, Stroeve P. Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009; 48:3713-29. ]. Depending on the efficiency of these ethanol production processes, approximately 50% of the biomass can end up as recalcitrant biomass. Such recalcitrant biomass refers to the solid residue that cannot be converted to fermentable sugars in the process of ethanol production from lignocelullosic materials [Romero-Anaya, A.J., Molina, A, Garcia, P, Ruiz-Colorado, A.A., Linares-Solano, A, Salinas-Martı´nez de Lecea, C. Phosphoric acid activation of recalcitrant biomass originated in ethanol production from banana plants, Biomas Bioenergy, 2011;35:1196-1204 ]
Best regards
Vit
With bioethanol from lignocellulose biomass I think issue still make high cost is pretreatment and hydrolysis.
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