What is meant by pilot signal? I couldn`t find description of pilot.
Pilots are predefined reference signals that are transmitted to let the receiver estimate the chanels. In Massive Mimo, they are transmitted only in uplink
As indicated by Raymond, the pilot doesn’t contain any data but is predefined so that one can estimate the channel it propagated over. You can read a lot about it in my book Massive MIMO networks, which can be downloaded from massivemimobook.com
As mentioned in the other answers, pilot signals are used for channel estimation. This is a necessary "overhead" transmitted along with the data. Channel estimation is used to nullify the effect of the channel prior to the detection of data. This nullification process is called equalization. Channel estimation is usually done based on pilot signals. In some cases, it can be done without pilot signals. Such type of channel estimation is called decision-directed channel estimation.
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