This discussion has bugged me since my high school when we were taught Ohm's Law is V=IR. I used to think its current flow that causes potential difference across two points in a conducting material (with an electric field inside it). The explanation of induced emf by electromagnetic induction said that emf is induced across a conductor when magnetic flux linked changes with time-but there can be zero current through the conductor. Some recent coursework introduced me to Fermi levels in conductors, concepts of QFLs, etc. where it is evident- voltage (electrochemical potential difference) gives rise to current across a source-channel-drain system. What is more intrinsic among the two quantities?
I think, accumulation of charge (electrons) or their mobility is more fundamental; which is governed by the impedance of a system corresponding to its electronic band-structure. Whether the electrons will move freely (resulting current) or displace from its equilibrium position (resulting polarization) depends on the above properties...
voltage because the current represent the electrons the transform in wire but the voltage represent the power that transmit the electrons
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