Very nice question. I think short sleep is very difficult to control in drivers and shift workers. If they are trained to practice meditation the bad effects of short sleep may be avoided.

Dear Abdul,

I think the following recent papers will help you:

Sahayadhas A, Sundaraj K, Murugappan M. Detecting driver drowsiness based on sensors: a review. Sensors (Basel) 2012;12(12):16937-53. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3571819/pdf/sensors-12-16937.pdf

AkerstedtT, Bassetti C, Cirignotta F, et al. WHITE PAPER "SLEEPINESS AT THE WHEEL". French Motorway Companies (ASFA) and the National Institute of Sleep and Vigilance (INSV). 2013. http://www.esrs.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/publications/Livre_blanc_VA_V4.pdf

Hashemi Nazari SS, Moradi A, Rahmani K. A systematic review of the effect of various interventions on reducing fatigue and sleepiness while driving. Chin J Traumatol 2017;20(5):249-258. https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1008127517301530/1-s2.0-S1008127517301530-main.pdf?_tid=37d32178-fb76-11e7-b0a6-00000aacb35f&acdnat=1516187270_1bae654d8cdee696379352fc68169016

Chien JC, Chen YS, Lee JD. Improving Night Time Driving Safety Using Vision-Based Classification Techniques. Sensors (Basel) 2017;17(10).pii:E2199. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5677414/pdf/sensors-17-02199.pdf

Li Z, Chen L, Peng J, Wu Y. Automatic Detection of Driver Fatigue Using Driving Operation Information for Transportation Safety. Sensors (Basel) 2017;17(6).pii:E1212. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5492517/pdf/sensors-17-01212.pdf

Gonçalves M, Amici R, Lucas R, Åkerstedt T, Cirignotta F, Horne J, et al. Sleepiness at the wheel across Europe: a survey of 19 countries. J Sleep Res 2015;24(3):242-53. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsr.12267/epdf

Poudel GR, Innes CR, Bones PJ, Watts R, Jones RD. Losing the struggle to stay awake: divergent thalamic and cortical activity during microsleeps. Hum Brain Mapp 2014;35(1):257-69. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231176222_Losing_the_Struggle_to_Stay_Awake_Divergent_Thalamic_and_Cortical_Activity_During_Microsleeps

Jonmohamadi Y, Poudel GR, Innes CC, Jones RD. Microsleeps are Associated with Stage-2 Sleep Spindles from Hippocampal-Temporal Network. Int J Neural Syst 2016;26(4):1650015. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295100920_Microsleeps_are_Associated_with_Stage-2_Sleep_Spindles_from_Hippocampal-Temporal_Network

Gaspar JG, Brown TL, Schwarz CW, Lee JD, Kang J, Higgins JS. Evaluating driver drowsiness countermeasures. Traffic Inj Prev 2017;18(sup1):S58-S63. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15389588.2017.1303140?needAccess=true

He J, Choi W, Yang Y, Lu J, Wu X, Peng K. Detection of driver drowsiness using wearable devices: A feasibility study of the proximity sensor. Appl Ergon 2017;65:473-480. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687017300522

Sunwoo JS, Hwangbo Y, Kim WJ, Chu MK, Yun CH, Yang KI. Sleep characteristics associated with drowsy driving. Sleep Med 2017;40:4-10. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389945717303672

Liang Y, Horrey WJ, Howard ME, Lee ML, Anderson C, Shreeve MS, O'Brien CS, Czeisler CA. Prediction of drowsiness events in night shift workers during morning driving. Accid Anal Prev. 2017 Nov 7. pii: S0001-4575(17)30391-3. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.11.004. [Epub ahead of print]. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457517303913?via%3Dihub

All the best for you,

Martin

its again so beautiful, regards

Abdul Malik, Pakistan.